Masdevallia: he putiputi tapatoru kanapa, e whakatōkia ana i roto i te taiao hauhautanga

He ingoa rongonui a Masdevallia, ehara i te mea he āwhina, engari he ārai: "he ōkiti uaua, mā te hunga whai hauhautanga anake." He pono te kōrero mō te pāmahana, engari kāore i oti—ā, nā tēnei ingoa rongonui i tokomaha te hunga e hoko ana i ngā inemahana, ā, kei te hē tonu tā rātou mārama ki te mea e mate ai te tipu, arā, te kounga o te wai me te matotoru o te oneone. He mea tika kia mārama ki te momo tipu mā tōna takenga mai, nā te mea tata ki ngā whakaritenga whakatipu katoa ka tangohia mai i reira.

Ko te wāhi i ahu mai ai ia, me te take i ahu mai ai ia, e whakatau ana i ngā mea katoa.

He puninga nui a Masdevallia. E 659 ngā momo e whakaaetia ana e Kew's Plants of the World Online , mai i Mexico ki Brazil, ā, he nui te kohinga i ngā maunga Andes—Colombia, Ecuador, me Peru. He whānui te awhe teitei kua tuhia, mai i te 130 ki te 3.800 mita, e whakamārama ana i te nui o ngā rerekētanga o ngā whakaritenga i roto i te puninga kotahi.

Ko te nuinga o ngā momo e taea ana te whakatipu ki te kāinga, nō te taha whakarunga o tēnei rohe: te ngahere kapua o Andean, kei runga ake i te 1.500 mita te teitei. I reira, he makuku tonu te hau, tata tonu te puta o te kohu i ia rā, he iti noa te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, ā, kāore he wā maroke tūturu.

Kāore i hiahiatia he rahui wai mō te tipu i whanake i roto i tēnei taiao—koia te take kāore he putiputi-parauri o Masdevallia . Ki te kore tēnei puna wai, kāore he mahere B: ki te maroke te papa oneone, kāore he wāhi hei utu wai. He rerekē tēnei i a Cattleya, e kaha ana ki te tu atu i ngā wiki o te tauraki i roto i tana putiputi-parauri. Mā te penapena wai ka ea te haurua o ngā feaa whakatipu—ina kore koe e whakatau mō tētahi mea, ko te pātai whai hua ko "he aha te mea ka pā ki tēnei tipu i runga i te pari i te 2.500 mita te teitei me te kohu?".

Ko te awhe pāmahana, e ai ki te hunga e whakaputa ana i ngā pepa raraunga ahuwhenua.

He māmā noa iho ngā aratohu whakatipu a te American Orchid Society mō tēnei take, ā, he mea tika kia whakatikahia tētahi kōrero pakiwaitara noa: ko te mea e hiahiatia ana e te tipu he pāmahana pumau , kaua he hekenga nui i waenga i te awatea me te pō.

Ko te kōrero matua mō te rohe o runga, ehara i te mea mō ngā pāmahana toharite, engari mō ngā pāmahana tino tiketike. He nui ake te kino o te pāmahana o te 30°C i te 24°C i te wiki katoa. Ko te tohu tere kua nui rawa ngā mea ko te maroke o te puku putiputi i mua i te pua—ki te tupu tēnā, ko te mea me tirotiro ko te mea i tino wera rawa, kaua ko te mea kāore i te wai.

Mō te whakamārama, he mea tika kia whakarerekētia: E taunaki ana ngā aratohu o Amerika kia anga whaka-te-raki te matapihi kia iti ake ai te whiti o te rā. I te Tonga o te Ao, he rerekē tēnei—i konei, ko te matapihi he iti rawa te rā ko te matapihi e anga whaka-te- tonga ana , ā, ko te matapihi e anga whaka-te-raki te mea kaha rawa atu. Ko te whakamāori hē i tēnei he huarahi noa ki te tahu pepa ahakoa te whai i ngā tohutohu tika.

He nui ake te Masdevallia e heke iho ana i te wai i tō te wera.

Koinei te wāhanga e kore rawa e puta i ngā rārangi "ōkiriti mō ngā tīmatanga", ā, koinei te wāhi e takoto ai te raruraru tūturu. Pērā i te toenga o te hononga Pleurothallidinae, he tairongo ngā ōkiriti Masdevallia ki ngā tote kohuke kua kohia. I roto i te ngahere kapua, ka whiwhi te tipu i te wai ua me te wai whakapūpū - tata ki te wai whakapūpū. Kei roto i te wai puna kua rongoatia te chlorine, te fluoride, me ngā tote rewa e kukū ana ki te papa i ia whakainu.

I roto i te mahi: ko te wai ua te kōwhiringa tuatahi, ā, ko te wai tātari osmosis whakamuri te tuarua. Hei tohutoro kounga, ko te whakatipu i ngā momo tairongo ka mahi me te wai kei raro i te 100 ki te 150 ppm o ngā totoka rewa - he iti te utu o te mita TDS mō te ika ika, ā, ka ea te feaa. Mena he mārō te wai o te rohe, he pai ki te ine i mua i te whakapae i te āhuarangi.

He āhuatanga motuhake te tohu o te tote kua hangai, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakapoauau: ka wera te pito o te rau, ka pouri, ka tīmata mai i ngā rau tawhito . He tino rite ki te kino o te harore, ā, he tino rerekē te maimoatanga — horoia te papa ki te wai pai me te nui o te rahinga ka whakawhiti i te ranunga, kaua e whakamahia te patu harore.

Mō te auau: kāore te papa e maroke rawa. Kāore tēnei e waiho hei kaupapa pumau, nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kohua, te papa, me te hauhautanga — ka noho hei tikanga te kuhu i tō maihao ki waenganui i te kiri rakau, me te whāwhā mēnā kei te makuku tonu i waenganui o te kohua, kaua ko te mata anake.

Ko te nui o te haumākū e hiahiatia ana te hauhautanga i te ōwehenga kotahi.

He mea nui te nui o te haumākū mō tēnei momo tipu — ko te whānuitanga o te haumākū e whakahuatia ana i roto i ngā tuhinga whakatipu he 70 ki te 90%, ā, i raro iho i te 60% mō te wā roa ka whakaroa te tipu, ka maroke te puku. Engari he mahanga kei roto: ko te nui o te haumākū me te hau pūmau ka pirau ngā pakiaka i roto i te papa e kore e maroke.

E haere tahi ana ngā mea e rua. Ia pikinga o te haumākū, me piki ake te rere o te hau. Mā te hau iti e tere ana ki te pakitara, kaua ki te tipu, ka mahi i te mahi, engari kāore e maroke ngā rau.

He angiangi te papa oneone, ā, he maha ake ngā wā e whakatōkia ai i tō te whakaaro.

He pai te whakamahi i te pūkohu parakore mō ngā tipu iti; mō ngā tipu pakeke, he pai ake te ranunga o te kiri paina pai me te perlite me te iti o te pūkohu parakore. Kāore e pai te whakamahi i te kiri matotoru: ka tere rawa te maroke, ā, ka waiho he āputa nui e kore e taea e te pūnaha pakiaka pai te mau.

He kohua iti, he iti iho i te mea e tika ana. He angiangi te pūnaha pakiaka, ā, he kikī te pūnaha katoa — he nui te oneone mākū i roto i te kohua nui, kāore he pakiaka hei noho, ā, ka pirau.

Te whakatō anō i ia tau , i te wā rānei ka tīmata te pūngāwerewere o te sphagnum. He maha ake tēnei i te nuinga o ngā ōkiti e whakatipuria ana i te kāinga, ā, he mea āta whakaarohia: ka mau tonu te tote i roto i te oneone tawhito, kua pirau, kāore e taea e te tipu te aro atu. Ko te wā pai rawa atu ko muri tonu i te pua, kaua rawa i te wā e mau tonu ana te puku i runga i te tipu.

E toru ngā momo hei tīmatanga, ā, ko te mea tino ngāwari.

Ko te Masdevallia tovarensis te momo e taunakitia ana mō te hunga hou ki tēnei momo. He pai ake te ātete ki te wera i ētahi atu, ka puta he putiputi mā i roto i ngā tautau e toru ki te rima mō ia kākano—he rerekē i te nuinga o te momo, e puta ana he putiputi kotahi mō ia kākano—ā, ka puāwai i te mutunga o te tau.

Ā, he mea motuhake tēnei hei mōhio māu i mua i te hē: kaua e tapahia te kakau i muri i te ngahuru o te pua . Ka puāwai anō te *Phalaenopsis tovarensis* i runga i taua kakau anō i ngā tau e whai ake nei. Ko te hunga nō ngā ōkiti Phalaenopsis ka tapahia e rātou i runga i te tikanga, ā, ka ngaro i a rātou te wā.

Ko te Masdevallia veitchiana te mea tino ataahua: he karaka kanapa kua kapi i ngā papillae papura ririki, e hanga ana i te āhua kanapa ina kitea ki te māramatanga. Nō Peru tēnei tipu, nō te rohe o Machu Picchu, ā, me noho i te pō matao.

He nui ngā putiputi o te Masdevallia coccinea , he whero, he māwhero, he mā rānei, i runga i te kakau roa. Nō Colombia, ka tupu pai i ngā teitei, ā, ko ia te mea iti rawa te ātete ki te wera o ngā mea e toru—he pai ake te waiho mō muri i te whakarite tika i te taiao me te tovarensis.

Te whakatipu hua i ngā āhuarangi mahana: he aha ngā mea e whai hua ana, ā, āhea me mutu.

Kāore te noho i te wāhi wera e aukati i te mahi ahuwhenua, engari me waihanga he āhuarangi iti. Mai i te iti rawa te utu ki te tino utu nui: ko te kaukau me te matapihi te rūma tino makuku me te tino makariri o te whare; ko te paepae me te uku whānui makuku i raro i ngā kohua ka pupuri i te makuku o te rohe; ā, i ngā marama makariri, ko te rūma me te hauhautanga tata ki te 20°C i te ahiahi. Ko te hunga e mahi ana i te nui o te hua ka whiriwhiri i te whare waina e whakahaeretia ana te āhuarangi, i te whare kati kōtuhi iti rānei me te pouaka whakamatao mimiti.

Engari kia pono tātou: ko te hunga e noho ana i ngā āhuarangi pārūrū kāore he kōwhiringa pēnei, he pai ake te tīmata ki tētahi atu momo. Ki te kore te pāmahana i te pō, ka ora te Masdevallia mō tētahi wā, ā, kāore e puāwai—ā, he nui atu te whakarihariha o tēnā i tā te mea e whakaakona ana. Kāore au e taunaki atu ki tētahi e tīmata ana ki te whakatipu ōkiti, ā, kāore he huarahi hei whakahaere i te wera.

Ko te whakarāpopototanga ka hoatu e au ki tētahi e hoko ana i tā rātou kape tuatahi...

Whakatikahia te take wai i mua i te whakatika i te inemahana. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka tae ki Masdevallia me te manukanuka mō te wera, ka hoko i te inemahana, ka ine i te pāmahana o te taiao—ka haere tonu te whakamakuku ki te wai mārō, me te mātakitaki i te tipu e memeha haere ana, kāore he take e kitea ana.

He wai kounga pai, he papa pai e hurihia ana i ia tau, he pāmahana pumau i roto i te awhe tika, me te rere o te hau. E whā katoa ēnei, nā te mea kāore tetahi e whakakapi i te korenga o tētahi atu. Koinei te momo e kore e aro ki te hanga-ā-ringa - ā, hei utu, ka puta te putiputi tino rerekē ka taea te whakatipu i roto i te whare.