Paphiopedilum: orchid yokongola, yomwe imamera mumthunzi.

Paphiopedilum ndi maluwa otsetsereka a maluwa: tsamba la pansi limapanga thumba lomwe limaoneka ngati nsapato yaying'ono. Kupatula mawonekedwe ake, lili ndi makhalidwe awiri apadera olima omwe amalisiyanitsa ndi ena onse—ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri womwe umafuna kuwala kochepa , ndipo ndi lokhalo lomwe tsamba limasonyeza bwino kutentha komwe chomera chimakonda.

Tsambalo limasonyeza kutentha komwe akufuna.

Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri ya mtundu wake, ndipo ndi yoyenera kuiganizira musanaigwiritse ntchito patebulo lililonse. Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu, ndipo mutha kuwazindikira popanda kudziwa dzina la mtunduwo:

Masamba okhala ndi miyala ya marble , okhala ndi mawonekedwe owala komanso amdima okhala ndi macheke: amakonda malo otentha. Masamba obiriwira ofanana : amakonda malo ozizira. Mitundu ya masamba a riboni, yomwe imapanga maluwa angapo pa tsinde lililonse, imakondanso malo otentha.

M'machitidwe ake, izi zimatsimikiza komwe chomeracho chidzakhala m'nyumbamo. Ngati chanu chili ndi miyala ya marble ndipo mwachiyika pamalo ozizira kwambiri chifukwa mumaganiza kuti maluwa onse a slipper amakonda kuzizira, amangomera. Chikalata chodziwikiratu cha American Orchid Society chimapereka kutentha kwa mtundu wa 12,7 mpaka 22,2 °C usiku ndi 21 mpaka 29,4 °C masana , ndipo ndi mkati mwa mtunda uwu momwe magulu awiriwa amagawidwira - okhala ndi miyala ya marble kumtunda, obiriwira kumunsi.

Kuwala kotsika kwa kuwala ndikofunikira, osati kulolerana.

Kuwala komwe kumalimbikitsidwa ndi 10.750 mpaka 21.500 lumens (makandulo a mapazi 1.000-2.000) — mofanana ndi Phalaenopsis orchids, ndipo kuli pansi pa makandulo a mapazi 2.000-3.500 kuposa Cattleya orchid. M'nyumba, AOS imalimbikitsa zenera loyang'ana kum'mawa, kumpoto, kapena kumadzulo lokhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa ola limodzi kapena anayi.

Onani kumasulira kwake: "windo lakumpoto" pamenepo limatanthauza zenera losazolowereka chifukwa malangizowo ndi ochokera ku United States. Kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, zenera lofanana ndi lakum'mwera. Aliyense amene akuwerenga malangizowo ndikuyika chomeracho pawindo lakumpoto kuno ku Brazil akuchipatsa mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri m'nyumba, osati abwino kwambiri.

Chinyezi chotsika kuposa ena onse m'gululo.

Nayi nkhani yachiwiri yabwino yolima m'nyumba: chinyezi chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi 40 mpaka 50% . Izi ndi zochepa kuposa Phalaenopsis (50 mpaka 80%) komanso zochepa kwambiri kuposa Masdevallia (70 mpaka 90%). Mwanjira ina, Paphiopedilum ndi imodzi mwa zochepa zomwe sizifuna chotenthetsera m'nyumba zambiri.

Popeza ilibe pseudobulb, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osati yodzaza madzi. Malangizo a AOS ndi akuti muzithirira madzi nthawi yomweyo pamene nthaka yafika pouma—musayembekezere kuti iume kwathunthu.

Feteleza: mlingo wonse wa fomula yofooka

Izi ndi kusintha kwa mfundo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa maluwa ambiri a orchid, ndipo n'zosavuta kulakwitsa. Malangizo omwe alipo pano ndi mlingo wonse wa feteleza wofooka - pakati pa 5-5-5 ndi 10-10-10 - m'malo mwa njira yakale yogwiritsira ntchito kotala la feteleza wamphamvu monga 20-20-20.

Ndondomekoyi imachitika chaka chonse, ndipo nthaka imatsukidwa kamodzi pamwezi kapena kotala kuti muchotse mchere wochuluka. Kubzalanso m'miphika zaka ziwiri zilizonse , kapena nthaka ikawola; kudula ming'alu yaying'ono kumachitika chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu itatu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyambira nayo.

Kusankha kumeneku kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu pano, chifukwa gulu loyenera limadalira nyengo ya nyumba yanu — ndipo kugula kolakwika ndiye chifukwa chofala kwambiri chokhumudwitsa mtundu uwu wa chinthu.

Mitundu yosakanikirana ya gulu la Maudiae ndiyo malo abwino kwambiri oyambira nyengo ya ku Brazil: ili ndi masamba obiriwira, kotero imakonda malo otentha a zomera, imaphuka mosavuta, ndipo ndi yosavuta kupeza. Ngati mumakhala pamalo otentha ndipo mukufuna kugula imodzi yokha, iyi ndi yomwe.

Paphiopedilum insigne ili ndi masamba obiriwira ofanana ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimapirira kwambiri mtundu wake—imalekerera bwino kusiyana kwa chisamaliro kuposa wamba, ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi nyumba zozizira kapena okhala m'mapiri.

Paphiopedilum delenatii ili ndi maluwa apinki ndi fungo labwino, zomwe sizachilendo kwa mtundu uwu. Ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa awiri am'mbuyomu ndipo sindingalimbikitse kuti ukhale woyamba kusankha—ndiwoyenera kwambiri pamene chilengedwe chili kale bwino.

Madzi: ubwino ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka

Paphiopedilum imakhudzidwa ndi mchere womwe ukuwonjezeka mu substrate—osati kwambiri monga Masdevallia, koma mokwanira kuti madzi olimba angayambitse mavuto pakapita miyezi ingapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake malangizo a AOS (American Society of Ophthalmology) amalimbikitsa kutsuka substrate nthawi ndi nthawi: kutsuka ndiko kuchotsa mchere womwe umatsala mukatha kuthirira ndi feteleza.

Ngati madzi anu a pampopi ndi olimba, kusiyana kumawonekera pa nsonga ya tsamba, lomwe limakhala lakuda ndikuuma, kuyambira ndi masamba akale kwambiri. N'zosavuta kusokoneza izi ndi bowa, ndipo mankhwala ake ndi osiyana: tsukani pansi pake bwino ndi madzi abwino ndikusintha sing'anga, musagwiritse ntchito fungicide.

Madzi amvula amathetsa vutoli. Ngati sizingatheke, kusintha kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kusamba madzi ambiri kamodzi pamwezi kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Musanyowetse pakati pa rosette.

Paphiopedilum imakula ngati fan ndi masamba kuyambira pakati, ndipo madzi oima pakati pawo m'malo opanda mpweya amawola malo okulirapo. Ndi njira yofanana ndi korona wowola mu Phalaenopsis orchids, ndipo chisamaliro chomwecho chimagwiranso ntchito: kuthira madzi mozungulira mphika m'mawa , ndipo ngati madzi agwera pakati, aume ndi thaulo la pepala.

Izi ndi zoona kwambiri apa chifukwa chinyezi chake ndi chochepa (40 mpaka 50%) ndipo anthu ambiri amachichotsa pochibisa chomeracho. Kubisa masamba a orchid yodulidwa ndi chinthu chomwe sichiyenera kuchitidwa - ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera chinyezi, gwiritsani ntchito thireyi yokhala ndi dothi lonyowa lozungulira, osati madzi mwachindunji pa chomeracho.

Kodi duwa limatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, ndipo n’chiyani chimachitika pambuyo pake?

Duwa la Paphiopedilum ndi limodzi mwa maluwa a orchid omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali pakati pa zomera zapakhomo—nthawi zambiri amakhala otseguka kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo m'mitundu ina kwa miyezi yoposa iwiri. Izi ndi mbali ya kukongola kwa mtunduwo: maluwa ochepa, koma kwa nthawi yayitali.

Duwa likauma, dulani tsinde pansi. Mosiyana ndi maluwa a Phalaenopsis, chomera ichi sichimaphukanso pa tsinde lomwelo: chomera chilichonse chimamera kamodzi, kenako chimabzala mbewu zatsopano m'mbali mwake, zomwe zidzakhala zotsatira za maluwa. Chifukwa chake, chomera chokhala ndi fani imodzi ya masamba sichidzaphuka zaka ziwiri motsatizana—ndi kuzungulira kwake kwachilengedwe, osati vuto ndi chisamaliro chake.

Gawani: samalani, sakhululukira.

Popanda pseudobulb, Paphiopedilum ilibe malo osungiramo zomera kuti igwirizanitse kugawikana kwamphamvu. Fani iliyonse ya masamba ndi yosiyana, ndipo kugawikana kwa chomera chimodzi chokha nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsa kukula—zingatenge zaka kuti zibwererenso, ngati zichitikadi.

Mphepete mwa njira yotetezeka ndikusiya mphukira ziwiri kapena zitatu pa kudula kulikonse . Izi ndi zochepa kuposa zomwe mungapeze kuchokera ku Cattleya ya kukula komweko, ndipo ndi mtengo wa mtundu womwe susunga madzi. Kugawa kuyenera kuchitika limodzi ndi kubzalanso, nthawi yomweyo mutatulutsa maluwa.

Mankhwala a maluwa ambiri, ndi chifukwa chake amafunika kuleza mtima.

Pali gulu lachitatu lofunika kulidziwa, ngakhale simuli oyamba kumene: maluwa a orchid okhala ndi maluwa ambiri , okhala ndi masamba ataliatali ngati riboni, omwe amapanga maluwa angapo pa tsinde lalitali m'malo mwa limodzi lokha. Lodziwika kwambiri ndi Paphiopedilum rothschildianum , lomwe lili ndi masamba ataliatali ozungulira omwe amatseguka mopingasa, limodzi mwa maluwa a orchid omwe amafunidwa kwambiri.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa ambiri ndi zazikulu komanso zimakula pang'onopang'ono—nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka zingapo kuti zifike pakukula kwa maluwa, ndipo zambiri zimaphuka pokhapokha ngati masamba afika pakukula kwina. Kugula mbande yaying'ono yomwe ikuyembekezera maluwa nyengo yotsatira ndi njira yochepetsera kukhumudwa.

Amakondanso kutentha kwambiri, monga mitundu ya marble. Ngati cholinga chake ndi kufikira gulu ili, njira yanzeru ndiyo kuyamba ndi malo abwino pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Maudiae hybrid, kenako n’kuyika ndalama pa chomera chomwe chidzafunika kukula kwa zaka zambiri musanakupatseni mphotho.

Kodi iye ndi chisankho choyenera kwa ndani?

Ngati nyumba yanu ili ndi kuwala kochepa komanso mpweya wouma—kuphatikiza komwe kumalepheretsa pafupifupi maluwa onse otchuka—Paphiopedilum mwina ndiye maluwa oyenera kwambiri kwa inu. Ndi osiyana ndi maluwa a Vanda, omwe amafunika dzuwa lamphamvu komanso kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Vuto lokhalo ndi duwa: nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi duwa limodzi pa tsinde lililonse m'mitundu yambiri, ndipo limakhala kwa milungu ingapo, koma silikhala ndi chisangalalo ngati gulu la Phalaenopsis. Ndi duwa la orchid kwa iwo omwe amasangalala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, osati kukula kwake.