Masdevallia: ruva rine mativi matatu rine ruvara rwakajeka, rinorimwa munzvimbo inotonhorera
Masdevallia ine mukurumbira unotadzisa zvakawanda kupfuura kubatsira kwayo: "orchid yakaoma, kune avo vane mhepo inotonhodza chete." Chikamu pamusoro pekupisa ndechechokwadi, asi hachina kukwana—uye mukurumbira uyu unoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vatenge mathermometers uye varambe vasinganzwisise kuti chii chinouraya chirimwa, icho chiri kunaka kwemvura uye huwandu hwesubstrate. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa rudzi rwemuti uyu nekwawakabva, nekuti zvinenge zvese zvinodiwa pakurima zvinobva ipapo.
Kwaanobva, uye chikonzero, ndizvo zvinosarudza zvimwe zvese.
Masdevallia rudzi rukuru. Kew's Plants of the World Online inogamuchira marudzi 659, akapararira kubva kuMexico kusvika kuBrazil, uye anowanikwa zvakanyanya muAndes—Colombia, Ecuador, nePeru. Nzvimbo dzakanyorwa dzekukwirira dzakafara, kubva pamamita angangoita 130 kusvika 3.800, izvo zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei paine musiyano mukuru wezvinodiwa mukati merudzi rumwe chete.
Zvisinei, mhando zhinji dzinosvika pakurima dzinobva kuchikamu chepamusoro chenzvimbo iyi: sango remakomo reAndean, riri pamusoro pemamita 1.500. Ikoko, mhepo inogara yakanyorova, mhute inopfuura zuva rega rega, tembiricha inochinja-chinja zvishoma, uye hapana mwaka chaiwo wekusanaya kwemvura.
Chirimwa chakashanduka munzvimbo iyi hachina kuda kugadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetedza mvura—ndosaka Masdevallia isina pseudobulb . Pasina dziva iri, hapana chirongwa B: kana substrate ikaoma, hapana kwekutora mvura. Zvakasiyana neCattleya, iyo inogona kutsungirira mavhiki ekusanaya kwemvura mu pseudobulb yayo. Kuchengetedza mvura kunogadzirisa hafu yekusava nechokwadi kwekurima—kana usina chokwadi nezvechimwe chinhu, mubvunzo unobatsira ndewekuti "chii chingaitika kune chirimwa ichi chiri pamawere pamamita 2.500 nemhute?".
Kureba kwekupisa, zvichienderana neavo vanoburitsa mapepa eruzivo rwekurima.
Nhungamiro dzekurima dzeAmerican Orchid Society dziri nyore panyaya iyi, uye zvakakosha kugadzirisa ngano yakajairika: chinodiwa nemuti tembiricha yakaenzana , kwete kudonha kukuru pakati pemasikati neusiku.
| Condition | Refer | Chii chekuchenjerera |
|---|---|---|
| Range Yakanaka (AOS) | 12,7 kusvika 22,2 °C | Inoshanda kune mhando zhinji dzerudzi rwemhuka. |
| Husiku | chikamu chezasi chenzira | Yatsva kupfuura zuva, pasina chikonzero chekuvhunduka. |
| Nzvimbo yekushushikana | pamusoro ~25 °C | Kukura kunomira, maruva anooma asati avhurwa. |
| Chiedza (AOS) | chiedza chezuva chakananga kusvika maawa maviri kusvika matatu | Vazhinji vanorarama zvakanaka kana zuva richibuda mumaawa maviri kusvika matatu. |
Chinhu chikuru pamusoro pemuganhu wepamusoro ndechekuti hazvisi pamusoro peavhareji, asi pamusoro pekupisa kwakanyanya. Masikati e30°C anokuvadza zvakanyanya kupfuura vhiki rese pa24°C. Chiratidzo chinokurumidza chekuti zvinhu zvanyanya kuoma maruva asati avhurika—kana izvozvo zvikaitika, chaunofanira kutarisa ndicho chakanyanya kupisa, kwete chisina mvura.
Nezvechiedza, pane chinodiwa kugadzirisa: Mitemo yeAmerica inokurudzira hwindo rakatarisa kuchamhembe kuti rive nechiedza chezuva chisina kujeka. MuSouthern Hemisphere, izvi zvinosiyana—pano, hwindo rine zuva shoma ndiro rakatarisa kumaodzanyemba , uye rakatarisa kuchamhembe ndiro rakasimba. Kutsanangura zvisirizvo iyi inzira yakajairika yekupisa bepa kunyangwe uchitevera mirairo chaiyo.
Mvura inodonhedza Masdevallia yakawanda kupfuura kupisa.
Iyi ndiyo chikamu chisingamboonekwi pane runyorwa rwe "orchid for beginners", uye ndipo pane dambudziko guru. Masdevallia orchids, semamwe marudzi ePleurothallidinae alliance, anonzwa munyu wemineral wakawanda. Mumasango egore, chirimwa chinowana mvura yemvura uye condensation—mvura inenge yakasanganiswa nemvura. Mvura yepombi yakarapwa inotakura chlorine, fluoride, uye munyu wakanyungudutswa unowedzera mu substrate nekudiridza kwega kwega.
Muchokwadi: mvura yemvura ndiyo sarudzo yekutanga, uye mvura yakasefetwa ye reverse osmosis ndiyo yechipiri. Sekureva kwemhando yepamusoro, kurima mhando dzinonzwa dzinowanzo shanda nemvura iri pasi pe100 kusvika 150 ppm yezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa — mita yeTDS yemu aquarium inodhura uye inogadzirisa kusahadzika. Kana mvura yemuno yakaoma, zvakakosha kuyera usati wapa mhosva mamiriro ekunze.
Chiratidzo chekuungana kwemunyu chinozivikanwa uye chiri nyore kuvhiringidza: muromo weshizha unopisa uye unosviba, kutanga nemashizha ekare . Zvakafanana zvikuru nekukuvadzwa kwefungus, uye kurapwa kwakasiyana zvachose - geza pasi nemvura yakanaka uye chinja nzira, usaise mushonga wefungi.
Kana tichitarisa kuwanda kwemvura: substrate haimboome zvachose. Izvi hazviiti nguva yakatarwa, nekuti zvinoenderana nehari, substrate, uye mhepo inofefetera - zvinova tsika kupinza munwe wako pakati pegwati wonzwa kana kuchine hunyoro pakati pehari, kwete pamusoro chete.
Hunyoro hwakawanda hunoda kuti mhepo ipinde nepakati zvakaenzana.
Hunyoro hwakanyanya hunodiwa chaizvo kune rudzi urwu - huwandu hwakataurwa mumabhuku ekurima hunosvika 70 kusvika 90%, uye pasi pe60% kwenguva yakareba chirimwa chinotadzisa kukura uye maruva anooma. Asi pane musungo wakavakirwa mukati: hunyoro hwakawanda nemhepo isingamire inoodza midzi iri muvhu risingaome.
Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinofambidzana. Nguva imwe neimwe hunyoro pahunowedzera, kufamba kwemhepo kunofanira kuwedzera zvinoenderana. Feni diki ine kumhanya kwakaderera, yakanongedzwa pamadziro kwete pachirimwa, inoita basa racho isina kuomesa mashizha.
Substrate yakatetepa uye kudzvanya kakawanda kupfuura zvaitarisirwa.
Sphagnum moss yakachena inoshanda zvakanaka kumbeu diki; kune zvirimwa zvikuru, musanganiswa webark repine rakatsetseka neperlite uye sphagnum moss shoma zviri nani. Bark rakatsetseka harina kukodzera: rinooma nekukurumidza uye rinosiya mipata mikuru apo midzi midiki isingakwanise kumera.
Hari diki, inogara iri diki pane zvinodiwa. Midzi yacho yakatetepa uye hurongwa hwese hwakaoma — hari hombe inoreva nzvimbo yakawanda yakanyorova isina midzi yekugara, uye inobva yaora.
Kudyara mwaka wega wega , kana kuti kana sphagnum moss yatanga kusviba. Izvi zvinoitika kakawanda kupfuura maruva mazhinji anorimwa mumba, uye zvinoitwa nemaune: substrate yekare, yakaora inochengetedza munyu chaiwo usingagamuchirwi nemuti. Nguva yakanakisisa inguva pfupi mushure mekutumbuka, kwete kana maruva achiri pamuti.
Mhando nhatu dzekutanga nadzo, uye imwe inoregerera zvakanyanya.
Masdevallia tovarensis ndiyo mhando inokurudzirwa kune avo vatsva murudzi urwu. Inotsungirira kupisa kuri nani zvishoma pane mamwe, inobereka maruva machena mumapoka matatu kusvika mashanu padzinde rimwe nerimwe—kusiyana nemarudzi mazhinji erudzi urwu, ayo anobereka ruva rimwe padzinde rimwe nerimwe—uye anotumbuka pakupera kwegore.
Uye pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kuziva usati waita chikanganiso: usacheke hunde kana ruva radonha . *Phalaenopsis tovarensis* ichatumbukazve pahunde imwe chete mumakore anotevera. Avo vanobva kuPhalaenopsis orchids vanoibvisa nekuda kwetsika uye vanorasikirwa nemwaka.
Masdevallia veitchiana ndiyo inonyanya kushamisa: orenji yakakora yakafukidzwa nepepillae diki yepepuru, iyo inoita kuti ipenye kana yaiswa muchiedza. IPeruvian, inobva kudunhu reMachu Picchu, uye inoda husiku hunotonhorera.
Masdevallia coccinea ine maruva makuru, matsvuku, magenta, kana machena, pahunde refu. Ndiwo muti wekuColombia, unokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakakwirira, uye haunyanyi kupisa pamaruva matatu aya—zvinonyanya kukosha kana wagadzirira nharaunda zvakanaka uchishandisa tovarensis.
Kurima zvirimwa munzvimbo dzinodziya: zvinoshanda uye nguva yekurega.
Kugara munzvimbo inopisa hakudzivisi kurima, asi zvinoda kugadzira mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Kubva pane yakachipa kusvika kune inodhura zvikuru: imba yekugezera ine hwindo inowanzova imba ine hunyoro uye inotonhorera zvikuru mumba; tireyi ine ivhu rakanyorova pasi pehari inochengetedza hunyoro hwemunharaunda; uye, mumwedzi inotonhora zvikuru, imba ine mhepo inotonhorera inosvika 20°C masikati. Avo vanorima zvakawanda vanosarudza nzvimbo yewaini inodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze kana greenhouse diki ine chinotonhorera chinoputika.
Asi ngatitaurei chokwadi: avo vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa vasina chero imwe yesarudzo idzi zviri nani kutanga neimwe mhando. Pasina chikamu chidiki chekupisa husiku, Masdevallia inorarama kwenguva yakati uye haimbotumbuka—uye izvozvo zvinogumbura kupfuura zvinodzidziswa. Handingakurudzire kune mumwe munhu ari kutanga nemaruva eorchid uye asina nzira yekudzora kupisa.
Pfupiso yandingapa kune mumwe munhu anotenga kopi yake yekutanga...
Gadzirisai nyaya yemvura musati magadzirisa thermometer. Vanhu vazhinji vanosvika kuMasdevallia vachinetseka nezvekupisa, vanotenga thermometer, vanoyera tembiricha yekunze—uye vanoenderera mberi nekudiridza nemvura yakaoma, vachiona chirimwa chichidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma pasina chikonzero chakajeka.
Mvura yakanaka, substrate yakanaka inochinjwa gore rega rega, tembiricha yakagadzikana mukati mehuwandu hwakakodzera, uye kutenderera kwemhepo. Zvese zviri zvina pamwe chete, nekuti hapana chinotsiva kushaikwa kweimwe. Ndiwo rudzi rusinganyanyi kushivirira kuumbwa—uye, zvakare, rinoburitsa maruva asina kujairika aunogona kuva nawo mumba.
