IMasdevallia: intyatyambo enemibala engqombela, ekhuliswe kwindawo epholileyo

IMasdevallia inedumela elithintela okungaphezulu kunokuba inceda: "i-orchid enzima, kuphela kwabo bane-air conditioner." Inxalenye malunga nobushushu iyinyani, kodwa ayiphelelanga—kwaye olu dumo lukhokelela abantu abaninzi ekuthengeni ii-thermometers baze baqhubeke bengaqondi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ebulala isityalo, eluhlobo lwamanzi kunye noxinano lwe-substrate. Kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lwesityalo ngemvelaphi yaso, kuba phantse zonke iimfuno zokulima zithathwa apho.

Apho avela khona, kwaye kutheni, kumisela yonke enye into.

IMasdevallia luhlobo olukhulu. I-Kew's Plants of the World Online yamkela iintlobo ezingama-659, ezisasazeke ukusuka eMexico ukuya eBrazil, kwaye zifumaneka kakhulu kwiAndes—eColombia, e-Ecuador, nasePeru. Ububanzi oburekhodiweyo bubanzi, ukusuka malunga ne-130 ukuya kwi-3.800 yeemitha, nto leyo echaza isizathu sokuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiimfuno ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweentlobo ezifikelela ekulinyweni kwasekhaya zivela kwinxalenye ephezulu yale ndawo: ihlathi lamafu laseAndean, elingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1.500. Apho, umoya ufumile ngokusisigxina, inkungu idlula phantse yonke imihla, ubushushu buyatshintshatshintsha kancinci, kwaye akukho xesha lokwenyani lokoma.

Isityalo esavela kule ndawo sasingafuni kudala indawo yokugcina amanzi—yiyo loo nto iMasdevallia ingenaso i-pseudobulb . Ngaphandle kwale ndawo yokugcina amanzi, akukho sicwangciso B: ukuba i-substrate yomile, akukho ndawo yokutsala amanzi kuyo. Kuchasene neCattleya, enokumelana neeveki zembalela kwi-pseudobulb yayo. Ukonga amanzi kusombulula isiqingatha samathandabuzo okulima—xa ungaqinisekanga ngento ethile, umbuzo oluncedo ngulo othi “kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwesi sityalo sikwithambeka elikwiimitha ezingama-2.500 ngenkungu?”.

Uluhlu lobushushu, ngokutsho kwabo bapapasha amaphepha edatha yokulima.

Izikhokelo zokulima ze- American Orchid Society zicacile kule ngongoma, kwaye kufanelekile ukulungisa intsomi eqhelekileyo: into efunekayo kwisityalo bubushushu obungaguqukiyo , kungekhona ukwehla okukhulu phakathi kwemini nobusuku.

Ingcaciso ephambili malunga nomda ophezulu kukuba ayingomlinganiselo, imalunga namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Emva kwemini engama-30°C yenza umonakalo omkhulu kuneveki yonke kwi-24°C. Uphawu olukhawulezayo lokuba izinto zigqithisile kukuba ihlumelo leentyatyambo lome ngaphambi kokuba livuleke—xa oko kusenzeka, into omele uyijonge kukuba yintoni eshushu kakhulu, hayi into engenamanzi.

Ngokuphathelele ukukhanya, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko: Izikhokelo zaseMelika zicebisa ifestile ejonge emantla ukuze ilanga lingatsho ngqo. Kwi-Southern Hemisphere, oku kutshintshile—apha, ifestile enelanga elincinci yileyo ijonge emazantsi , kwaye leyo ijonge emantla yeyona inamandla. Ukutolika gwenxa oku yindlela eqhelekileyo yokutshisa iphepha nokuba ulandela imiyalelo echanekileyo.

Amanzi ahlisa iMasdevallia engaphezulu kunobushushu.

Le yinxalenye engafane ivele kuluhlu lwe-"orchid for beginners", kwaye kulapho ingxaki yokwenyani ikhona khona. Ii-orchids zeMasdevallia, njengezinye i-Pleurothallidinae alliance, zinovelwano kwiityuwa zeminerali eziqokelelweyo. Kwihlathi elisefu, isityalo sifumana amanzi emvula kunye nokufuma—amanzi acocekileyo. Amanzi empompini anyangiweyo athwala i-chlorine, i-fluoride, kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo ezigxila kwi-substrate ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela.

Ngokwesiqhelo: amanzi emvula lukhetho lokuqala, kwaye amanzi ahluziweyo e-reverse osmosis lelesibini. Njengesalathiso somgangatho, ukukhuliswa kweentlobo ezinobuthathaka kudla ngokusebenza ngamanzi angaphantsi kwe-100 ukuya kwi-150 ppm yezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo — imitha ye-TDS ye-aquarium ayibizi kwaye ixazulula amathandabuzo. Ukuba amanzi asekuhlaleni aqinile, kufanelekile ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba ugxeke imozulu.

Uphawu lokuqokelelana kwetyuwa luphawuleka kwaye kulula ukulubhida: incam yegqabi iyatsha kwaye iba mnyama, kuqala ngamagqabi amadala . Ifana kakhulu nomonakalo wefungus, kwaye unyango lwahlukile ngokupheleleyo - hlamba i-substrate ngamanzi aneleyo kwaye utshintshe i-medium, ungafaki i-fungicide.

Ngokuphathelele amaxesha: i-substrate ayomi ngokupheleleyo. Oku akusoloko kusenzeka, kuba kuxhomekeke kwimbiza, i-substrate, kunye nomoya ophumayo — kuba ngumkhwa ukuncamathisela umnwe wakho phakathi kwexolo uze uve ukuba kusekho ukufuma embindini wembiza, kungekuphela nje phezu komhlaba.

Ukufuma okuphezulu kufuna umoya ongenileyo ngokulinganayo.

Umswakama ophezulu uyimfuneko yokwenyani kolu hlobo lwezityalo - uluhlu olukhankanyiweyo kwiincwadi zokulima lumalunga nama-70 ukuya kuma-90%, kwaye ngaphantsi kwama-60% ixesha elide isityalo siyathintela ukukhula kwaye ihlumela lome. Kodwa kukho umgibe owakhelwe ngaphakathi: umswakama ophezulu onomoya ongashukumiyo ubolisa iingcambu kwindawo engomiyo.

Ezi zinto zimbini zihamba kunye. Ngalo lonke ixesha ukufuma kusanda, ukujikeleza komoya kufuneka kunyuke ngokufanelekileyo. Ifeni encinci ngesantya esiphantsi, ekhombe eludongeni hayi kwisityalo, yenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kokomisa amagqabi.

I-substrate encinci kwaye iphinda ityalwe rhoqo kunokuba bekulindelwe.

I-sphagnum moss ecocekileyo isebenza kakuhle kwizityalo ezincinci; kwizityalo ezindala, umxube wegxolo lepayini elincinci kunye ne-perlite kunye ne-sphagnum moss encinci ingcono. Igxolo elirhabaxa alifanelekanga: loma ngokukhawuleza kwaye lishiya izikhewu ezinkulu apho inkqubo yeengcambu ezincinci ingenakukwazi ukubambelela khona.

Imbiza encinci, isoloko incinci kunokuba kubonakala kuyimfuneko. Inkqubo yeengcambu incinci kwaye yonke inkqubo incinci - imbiza enkulu ithetha isiseko esimanzi esingenazo iingcambu zokungena, ize ibole.

Ukufakelwa kwezityalo rhoqo ngonyaka , okanye xa i-sphagnum moss iqala ukuba mdaka. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kunakwii-orchids ezininzi ezikhuliswe ekhaya, kwaye kwenziwa ngabom: i-substrate endala, ebolileyo igcina ityuwa engayinyamezeliyo isityalo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lisemva kokudubula, kungekhona xa ihlumelo lisesesisityalo.

Iintlobo ezintathu zokuqala ngazo, kwaye lelona lixolela kakhulu.

I-Masdevallia tovarensis lolona hlobo lucetyiswayo kwabo batsha kwi-genus. Inyamezela ubushushu obungcono kancinci kunezinye, ivelisa iintyatyambo ezimhlophe ngamaqela amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu kwisiqu ngasinye—ngokungafaniyo noninzi lwe-genus, oluvelisa intyatyambo enye kwisiqu ngasinye—kwaye luqhakaza ekupheleni konyaka.

Kwaye kukho into ethile ekufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokuba wenze impazamo: musa ukusika isiqu emva kokuba intyatyambo iwile . I-*Phalaenopsis tovarensis* iya kuphinda idubule kwisiqu esifanayo kwiminyaka elandelayo. Abo bavela kwi-Phalaenopsis orchids bayasisusa ngenxa yesiqhelo baze baphoswe lixesha lonyaka.

IMasdevallia veitchiana yeyona intle kakhulu: iorenji ebukhali egqunywe yipapillae encinci emfusa, edala isiphumo esikhazimlayo xa ivezwe ekukhanyeni. YiPeruvian, evela kummandla weMachu Picchu, kwaye ifuna ubusuku obupholileyo.

I-Masdevallia coccinea ineentyatyambo ezinkulu, ezibomvu, ezimagenta, okanye ezimhlophe, kwisiqu eside. Yi-Colombian, ikhula kakuhle kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kwaye ayinyamezeli ubushushu kakhulu kwezi zintathu—ingcono xa uyilungisile kakuhle indawo ohlala kuyo nge-tovarensis.

Ukukhulisa izityalo kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo: yintoni esebenzayo kunye nexesha lokuyeka.

Ukuhlala kwindawo eshushu akuthinteli ukulima, kodwa kufuna ukudala imozulu encinci. Ukususela kweyona ingabizi kakhulu ukuya kweyona ibiza kakhulu: igumbi lokuhlambela elinefestile lidla ngokuba lelona gumbi lifumileyo nelipholileyo endlwini; itreyi enodongwe olumanzi olunwetshiweyo phantsi kweembiza igcina umswakama wendawo; kwaye, kwiinyanga ezibandayo, igumbi elinomoya opholileyo malunga nama-20°C emva kwemini. Abo balima ngobuninzi bakhetha indawo yokugcina iwayini elawulwa yimozulu okanye indlu encinci eluhlaza ene-evaporative cooler.

Kodwa masibe nenyani: abo bahlala kwiindawo ezishushu ezingenazo ezi ndlela kungcono baqale ngolunye uhlobo. Ngaphandle kweqondo lobushushu eliphantsi ebusuku, iMasdevallia iphila okwethutyana kwaye ayidubuli—kwaye oko kuyacaphukisa ngaphezu koko ikufundisayo. Andiyi kuyicebisa kumntu oqala ngee-orchids kwaye akanandlela yokulawula ubushushu.

Isishwankathelo endingasinika umntu othenga ikopi yakhe yokuqala...

Sombulula ingxaki yamanzi ngaphambi kokuba ulungise i-thermometer. Uninzi lwabantu lufika eMasdevallia luxhalabile ngobushushu, luthenge i-thermometer, lulinganise ubushushu bemozulu—luze luqhubeke lunkcenkceshela ngamanzi aqinileyo, lubukele isityalo siwohloka kancinci kancinci ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Amanzi asemgangathweni olungileyo, i-substrate entle iyatshintshwa minyaka le, ubushushu obuzinzileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchanekileyo, kunye nokujikeleza komoya. Zonke ezine zidibene, kuba akukho nto ihlawula ukungabikho kwenye. Luhlobo olungakwaziyo ukumelana nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha—kwaye, ngenxa yoko, luvelisa intyatyambo engaqhelekanga umntu anokuba nayo ngaphakathi.