I-Paphiopedilum: i-orchid ekhula emthunzini, ekhula kwi-slipper.

I-Paphiopedilum yi-orchid etyibilikayo: ipetali esezantsi yenza isikhwama esifana nesihlangu esincinci. Ngaphandle kobume bayo, ineempawu ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zokulima eziyahlula kwezinye—yeyona genus idumileyo edinga ukukhanya okuncinci , kwaye yeyona kuphela apho igqabi libonisa ngokucacileyo ubushushu obukhethwa sisityalo.

Ishiti lityhila ubushushu abufunayo.

Le yeyona ndlela imfutshane iluncedo kakhulu yohlobo lwayo, kwaye kufanelekile ukuyiqwalasela ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe nakweyiphi na itheyibhile. Kukho amaqela amabini aphambili, kwaye ungawachonga ngaphandle kokwazi igama lohlobo:

Amagqabi anemabula , anepateni ekhanyayo nemnyama enemigca egobileyo: athanda iindawo ezifudumeleyo. Amagqabi aluhlaza afanayo : athanda iindawo ezipholileyo. Iindidi zamagqabi aneribhoni, ezivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi ngesiqu ngasinye, nazo zithandela kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.

Ngokwenyani, oku kumisela indawo apho isityalo siza kuhlala khona endlwini. Ukuba esakho sinemibala yemarble kwaye usibeke kwikona epholileyo kuba ucinga ukuba zonke ii-orchids ze-slipper ziyayithanda ingqele, ziya kumila nje. Iphepha leenkcukacha le-American Orchid Society linika uluhlu lobushushu oluqhelekileyo lwe-genus njenge- 12,7 ukuya kwi-22,2 °C ebusuku kunye ne-21 ukuya kwi-29,4 °C emini , kwaye kungaphakathi kolu luhlu apho amaqela amabini asasazeke khona - lawo anemarble kwinxalenye ephezulu, lawo aluhlaza kwinxalenye esezantsi.

Ukukhanya okuphantsi kwemitha kuyimfuneko, kungekhona ukunyamezelana.

Uluhlu lokukhanya olucetyiswayo luphakathi kwe-10.750 ukuya kwi-21.500 lumens (iikhandlela zeenyawo eziyi-1.000-2.000) — ngokufanayo nee-Phalaenopsis orchids, kwaye zingaphantsi kakhulu kwiikhandlela zeenyawo eziyi-2.000-3.500 ze-orchid yeCattleya. Ngaphakathi, i-AOS icebisa ifestile ejonge empuma, emantla, okanye entshona eneyure enye ukuya kwezine yokukhanya kwelanga ngqo.

Qaphela inguqulelo ethi: "ifestile yasemantla" apho ibhekisa kwifestile engaxhaphakanga kuba imiyalelo ivela eMelika. Kwi-Southern Hemisphere, into efanayo yifestile yasemazantsi. Nabani na ofunda imiyalelo aze abeke isityalo kwifestile yasemantla apha eBrazil usinika indawo echanekileyo endlwini, hayi eyona ifanelekileyo.

Umswakama ophantsi kunabanye abantu beqela.

Nantsi inqaku lesibini leendaba ezimnandi zokulima ngaphakathi: uluhlu olucetyiswayo luyi -40 ukuya kwi-50% yomswakama ohambelanayo. Oku kungaphantsi kwePhalaenopsis (50 ukuya kwi-80%) kwaye kungaphantsi kakhulu kuneMasdevallia (70 ukuya kwi-90%). Ngamanye amazwi, iPaphiopedilum yenye yezona zimbalwa ezingadingi sixhobo sokunyusa umswakama kwiindawo ezininzi zasekhaya.

Ekubeni ingena-pseudobulb, i-substrate kufuneka ihlale ifumile, kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Ingcebiso ye-AOS kukuba unkcenkceshele kwangoko xa i-medium ifika kwindawo eyomileyo—ungalindi ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo.

Isichumisi: idosi epheleleyo yefomyula ebuthathaka

Oku kukutshintsha kwendlela esebenza ngayo kwiiorchids ezininzi, kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda gwenxa. Ingcebiso yangoku kukuba kufuneka usebenzise idosi epheleleyo yesichumisi esibuthathaka —into ephakathi kwe-5-5-5 kunye ne-10-10-10—endaweni yendlela endala yokusebenzisa idosi yekota yesichumisi esinamandla njenge-20-20-20.

Le nkqubo yenziwa unyaka wonke, apho i-substrate ihlanjwa kanye ngenyanga okanye kwikota ukuze kususwe ityuwa eqokelelweyo. Ukuphinda ufake izitya rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini , okanye xa i-substrate ibola; kwenziwa iziqwenga ezincinci minyaka le.

Iintlobo ezintathu kunye nee-hybrids ukuqala ngazo.

Ukhetho lwenza umahluko omkhulu apha, kuba iqela elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kwimeko yekhaya lakho — kwaye ukuthenga elingalunganga sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokunganeliseki ngolu hlobo lwemveliso.

Iihybrids ezivela kwiqela leMaudiae zezona ndawo zikhuselekileyo zokuqala imozulu yaseBrazil: zinamagqabi anemibala erhabaxa, ngoko ke zikhetha iindawo ezifudumeleyo zoluhlu lwezityalo, zidubula lula, kwaye kulula ukuzifumana. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo efudumeleyo kwaye uza kuthenga enye kuphela, le yeyona.

I-Paphiopedilum insigne inamagqabi aluhlaza ngokulinganayo kwaye yenye yezona zinyamezelayo kakhulu zohlobo lwayo—inyamezela ukwahluka kwenkathalo ngcono kunesiqhelo, kwaye lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwabo banezindlu ezipholileyo okanye abahlala kwimimandla yeentaba.

I-Paphiopedilum delenatii ineentyatyambo ezipinki kunye nevumba elimnandi, into engaqhelekanga kuhlobo lwayo. Ifuna kakhulu kunezimbini zangaphambili kwaye andiyicebisi ukuba ibe lukhetho lokuqala—ilungele kakhulu xa imeko-bume sele izinzile.

Amanzi: umgangatho ubaluleke ngaphezu kobuninzi

I-Paphiopedilum ayivani nokwakheka kwetyuwa kwi-substrate—hayi kwinqanaba eligqithisileyo njengeMasdevallia, kodwa ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba amanzi aqinileyo anokubangela iingxaki ngokuhamba kweenyanga. Yiyo loo nto izikhokelo ze-AOS (American Society of Ophthalmology) zicebisa ukuhlamba i-substrate rhoqo: ukuhlamba kuthetha ukususa ityuwa eseleyo emva kokunkcenkceshela nokuchumisa ngakunye.

Ukuba amanzi akho empompini aqinile, umahluko ubonakala kwincam yegqabi, eliba mnyama kwaye lome, kuqala ngamagqabi amadala. Kulula ukubhidanisa oku nefungus, kwaye unyango luchasene noko: hlamba i-substrate kakuhle ngamanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye utshintshe i-medium, ungafaki i-fungicide.

Amanzi emvula ayisombulula ingxaki. Apho oko kungenakwenzeka, ukutshintsha ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo nokuhlamba rhoqo kanye ngenyanga kunciphisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi.

Musa ukumanzisa embindini werosette.

I-Paphiopedilum ikhula ngendlela efana nefeni enamagqabi aqala kwindawo ephakathi, kwaye amanzi amileyo kuloo ndawo embindini kwindawo engenamoya aya kubolisa indawo ekhulayo. Yindlela efanayo ne-crown rot kwi-Phalaenopsis orchids, kwaye kukwasebenza nokunyamekela okufanayo: manzisa ujikeleze umphetho wembiza kusasa , kwaye ukuba amanzi awela embindini, yomise ngetawuli yephepha.

Oku kuyinyani nangakumbi apha kuba ubuninzi bokufuma kwayo buphantsi (40 ukuya kuma-50%) kwaye abantu abaninzi bayayilungisa ngokuyifutha isityalo. Ukufutha amagqabi e-orchid ye-slipper yinto engacetyiswayo - ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ukufuma, sebenzisa itreyi enodongwe olumanzi olujikelezileyo, ungamanzisi ngqo kwisityalo.

Intyatyambo ihlala ixesha elingakanani, kwaye yintoni omawuyenze emva koko?

Intyatyambo yePaphiopedilum yenye yezona ntyatyambo zihlala ixesha elide phakathi kwee-orchid zezityalo zasekhaya—ihlala ivulekile kangangeeveki ezininzi, kwaye kwezinye iintlobo kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwembini. Oku kuyinxalenye yendlela ezithandwa ngayo ezi ntlobo: zimbalwa iintyatyambo, kodwa ixesha elide.

Emva kokuba intyatyambo ibunile, sika isiqu esisezantsi. Ngokungafaniyo nee-orchids zePhalaenopsis, esi sityalo asiphindi sidubule kwisiqu esinye: i-fan nganye yamagqabi idubula kube kanye, emva koko isityalo sityala imali ekukhuleni okutsha ecaleni, okuya kuba kukulandela ukudubula. Ke ngoko, isityalo esinamagqabi aluhlaza asidubuli iminyaka emibini ilandelelana—ngumjikelo waso wendalo, asiyongxaki ngokunyamekela kwaso.

Ulwahlulo: lumka, akaxoleli.

Ngaphandle kwe-pseudobulb, iPaphiopedilum ayinazo iindawo zokugcina izityalo ezixhasa ukwahlukana okunamandla. Umlandeli ngamnye wamagqabi ukhula ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye ukwahlukana kokukhula okukodwa kudla ngokumisa ukukhula ngokupheleleyo—kungathatha iminyaka ukuphinda kuqale ukukhula, ukuba kuyenzeka.

Umda okhuselekileyo kukushiya ubuncinci amahlumela amabini ukuya kwamathathu ngokusika ngakunye . Oku kukusika okuncinci kunokuba ungakufumana kwiCattleya enobukhulu obufanayo, kwaye lixabiso le-genus engagcini manzi. Ukwahlulahlula kufuneka kwenziwe kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona, emva nje kokudubula.

Amayeza eentyatyambo ezininzi, kunye nesizathu sokuba afune umonde.

Kukho iqela lesithathu elifanele ukulazi, nokuba awungomntu uqalisayo: ii-orchids ezineentyatyambo ezininzi , ezinamagqabi amade, afana neribhoni, avelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi kwisiqu eside endaweni yesinye kuphela. Esona sidumileyo yiPaphiopedilum rothschildianum , esineepetali ezinde ezisecaleni ezivuleka phantse ngokuthe tye, enye yezona orchid zifunwa kakhulu ezikhoyo.

Ingongoma ephambili lixesha. Izityalo ezineentyatyambo ezininzi zikhulu kwaye zikhula kancinci—zidla ngokuthatha iminyaka eliqela ukufikelela kubukhulu beentyantyambo, kwaye ezininzi zidubula kuphela xa abalandeli bamagqabi befikelela kubukhulu obuthile. Ukuthenga isithombo esincinci esilindele iintyatyambo kwixesha elilandelayo yindlela yokuphoxeka.

Zikwathanda ukufikelela ekupheleni kobushushu obufudumeleyo, njengeentlobo ezimabhile. Ukuba injongo kukufikelela kweli qela, indlela efanelekileyo kukuqala ngokulungisa imeko-bume nge-Maudiae hybrid, uze emva koko utyale imali kwisityalo esiya kufuna iminyaka yokukhula rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba ukuvuze.

Ngubani oyena ufanelekileyo kuye?

Ukuba ikhaya lakho linokukhanya okuncinci nomoya owomileyo—indibaniselwano ethintela phantse zonke iiorchid ezidumileyo—iPaphiopedilum mhlawumbi yeyona orchid ifanelekileyo kuwe. Iyahluke kakhulu kwiVanda orchid, efuna ilanga elinamandla kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa imihla ngemihla.

Eyona nto imbi yintyatyambo: idla ngokuba yintyatyambo enye kwisiqu ngasinye kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, ehlala iiveki, kodwa ayinayo incasa efana neqela lePhalaenopsis. Yintyatyambo ye-orchid kwabo bathanda iimilo ezingaqhelekanga, hayi ubukhulu bayo.