I-Masdevallia: imbali egqamile engunxantathu, etshalwe endaweni epholile

IMasdevallia inedumela elivimbela okungaphezu kokusiza: "i-orchid enzima, kuphela kulabo abane-air conditioner." Ingxenye mayelana nokushisa iyiqiniso, kodwa ayiphelele—futhi leli dumela liholela abantu abaningi ekuthengeni ama-thermometer futhi baqhubeke nokungaqondi ukuthi yini ngempela ebulala isitshalo, okuyikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nobuningi be-substrate. Kuhle ukuqonda uhlobo ngemvelaphi yalo, ngoba cishe zonke izidingo zokutshala zitholakala lapho.

Ukuthi uvelaphi, nokuthi kungani, kunquma konke okunye.

I-Masdevallia uhlobo olukhulu. I-Kew's Plants of the World Online yamukela izinhlobo ezingu-659, ezisatshalaliswa kusukela eMexico kuya eBrazil, kanye nokugcwala okukhulu e-Andes—eColombia, e-Ecuador, nasePeru. Ububanzi bokuphakama oburekhodiwe bubanzi, kusukela cishe kumamitha angu-130 kuya kwangu-3.800, okuchaza ukuthi kungani kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kangaka zezidingo ngaphakathi kohlobo olufanayo.

Iningi lezinhlobo ezifika ekulinyweni kwasekhaya, nokho, zivela engxenyeni engenhla yale ndawo: ihlathi lamafu lase-Andean, elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.500. Lapho, umoya unomswakama unomphela, inkungu idlula cishe nsuku zonke, izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha kancane, futhi akukho sikhathi sangempela sesomiso.

Isitshalo esavela kule ndawo asidingi ukwakha indawo yokugcina amanzi—yingakho iMasdevallia ingenayo i-pseudobulb . Ngaphandle kwaleli thangi, akukho uhlelo B: uma i-substrate yoma, akukho ndawo yokukha amanzi kuyo. Kuphambene neCattleya, engamelana namasonto esomiso ku-pseudobulb yayo. Ukonga amanzi kuxazulula ukungabaza okuyingxenye yokulima—uma ungabaza ngokuthile, umbuzo owusizo uthi “kuzokwenzekani kulesi sitshalo esisethambekeni elingamamitha angu-2.500 ngenkungu?”.

Ububanzi bokushisa, ngokusho kwalabo abashicilela amaphepha edatha yokulima.

Iziqondiso zokutshala ze- American Orchid Society ziqondile kuleli phuzu, futhi kufanelekile ukulungisa inganekwane evamile: lokho isitshalo esikudingayo ukushisa okulinganayo , hhayi ukwehla okukhulu phakathi kwemini nobusuku.

Imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nomkhawulo ophezulu ukuthi akuphathelene nesilinganiso, kumayelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ntambama engu-30°C yenza umonakalo omkhulu kunesonto lonke ku-24°C. Isibonakaliso esisheshayo sokuthi izinto sezidlulele kakhulu ukuthi ihlumela lezimbali liyoma ngaphambi kokuvula—uma lokho kwenzeka, okufanele ukubheke yilokho okushise kakhulu, hhayi lokho okuntula amanzi.

Ngokuphathelene nokukhanya, ukulungiswa okudingekayo: Iziqondiso zaseMelika zincoma ifasitela elibheke enyakatho ukuze kube nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane. ENingizimu Yezwekazi, lokhu kuphambene—lapha, ifasitela elinelanga elincane kakhulu yileli elibheke eningizimu , kanti elibheke enyakatho yilona eliqine kakhulu. Ukuchaza kabi lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokushisa iphepha ngisho nalapho ulandela imiyalelo efanele.

Amanzi aletha iMasdevallia eningi kunokushisa.

Lena yingxenye engabonakali nhlobo ohlwini lwe-"orchid for beginners", futhi yilapho inkinga yangempela ikhona khona. Ama-orchid aseMasdevallia, njengawo wonke amanye ama-Pleurothallidinae alliance, azwela kakhulu kusawoti wamaminerali aqongelelwe. Ehlathini lamafu, lesi sitshalo sithola amanzi emvula kanye nokujiya—cishe amanzi acwengekile. Amanzi ompompi aphathwe athwala i-chlorine, i-fluoride, kanye nosawoti oncibilikisiwe ogxila ku-substrate ngokunisela ngakunye.

Empeleni: amanzi emvula ayindlela yokuqala, kanti amanzi ahlungiwe yi-reverse osmosis ayindlela yesibili. Njengereferensi yekhwalithi, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezizwelayo kuvame ukusebenza ngamanzi angaphansi kwe-100 kuya ku-150 ppm wezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe - imitha ye-aquarium TDS ayibizi futhi ixazulula ukungabaza. Uma amanzi endawo eqinile, kufanelekile ukulinganisa ngaphambi kokusola isimo sezulu.

Uphawu lokunqwabelana kosawoti luyisici futhi kulula ukuludida: isihloko seqabunga siyasha futhi sibe mnyama, kuqala ngamaqabunga amadala . Kufana kakhulu nomonakalo wesikhunta, futhi ukwelashwa kuhluke ngokuphelele - geza i-substrate ngamanzi anele ngobuningi obanele bese ushintsha i-medium, ungafaki i-fungicide.

Ngokuphathelene nokuvama: i-substrate ayilokothi yome ngokuphelele. Lokhu akulona isheduli eqondile, ngoba kuncike ebhodweni, i-substrate, kanye nomoya wokungenisa umoya — kuba umkhuba ukunamathisela umunwe wakho phakathi kwegxolo bese uzwa ukuthi kusekhona yini umswakama phakathi kwebhodwe, hhayi nje kuphela.

Umswakama ophezulu udinga umoya opholile ngesilinganiso esifanayo.

Umswakama ophezulu uyimfuneko yangempela yalolu hlobo - ububanzi obukhonjisiwe ezincwadini zokulima bungaba ngu-70 kuya ku-90%, kanti ngaphansi kuka-60% isikhathi eside isitshalo siyavinjelwa ukukhula futhi ihlumela lome. Kodwa kukhona ugibe olwakhelwe ngaphakathi: umswakama ophezulu onomoya omile ubolisa izimpande endaweni engaphansi komhlaba engomi nhlobo.

Lezi zinto ezimbili ziyahambisana. Njalo uma umswakama ukhuphuka, ukujikeleza komoya kumele kukhuphuke ngokufanele. Ifeni encane ngesivinini esiphansi, ekhonjiswe odongeni hhayi esitshalweni, yenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kokomisa amaqabunga.

I-substrate encane kanye nokufakelwa kabusha kaningi kunalokho obekulindelwe.

I-sphagnum moss emsulwa isebenza kahle ezitshalweni ezincane; ezitshalweni ezindala, ingxube yegxolo likaphayini elihle ne-perlite kanye ne-sphagnum moss encane ingcono. Igxolo eliqinile alifaneleki: loma ngokushesha kakhulu futhi lishiya izikhala ezinkulu lapho uhlelo lwezimpande ezincane lungenakukwazi ukubambelela khona.

Imbiza encane, ihlale incane kunalokho okubonakala kudingekile. Izimpande zincane futhi yonke imbiza incane — imbiza enkulu isho inhlabathi emanzi eningi engenazimpande ezizohlala kuyo, bese ibola.

Ukufakelwa kabusha kwaminyaka yonke , noma lapho i-sphagnum moss iqala ukuba mushy. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunama-orchid amaningi akhulele endlini, futhi kwenziwa ngenhloso: i-substrate endala, ebolile igcina usawoti ongenakubekezelelwa yisitshalo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu singemva nje kokuqhakaza, hhayi lapho ihlumela lisesesitshalweni.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuqala, kanye neyodwa ethethelela kakhulu.

I -Masdevallia tovarensis uhlobo olunconywayo kulabo abasha kuhlobo. Ibekezelela ukushisa okungcono kancane kunezinye, ikhiqiza izimbali ezimhlophe ngamaqoqo amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu ngesiqu ngasinye—ngokungafani neningi lohlobo, olukhiqiza imbali eyodwa ngesiqu ngasinye—futhi luqhakaza ekupheleni konyaka.

Futhi kukhona into ekhethekile okufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokwenza iphutha: ungasinqumi isiqu ngemva kokuwa kwembali . I-*Phalaenopsis tovarensis* izoqhakaza kabusha esiqwini esifanayo eminyakeni elandelayo. Labo abavela kuma-orchid e-Phalaenopsis bayasinquma ngenxa yomkhuba futhi baphuthelwe yisikhathi sonyaka.

I-Masdevallia veitchiana iyona emangalisa kakhulu: i-orenji ebukhali embozwe yi-papillae encane ensomi, edala umphumela okhanyayo uma ivezwa ekukhanyeni. Ivela ePeru, ivela esifundeni saseMachu Picchu, futhi idinga ubusuku obupholile.

I-Masdevallia coccinea inezimbali ezinkulu, ezibomvu, ezi-magenta, noma ezimhlophe, esiqwini eside. I-Colombian, ikhula kahle ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi ayibekezeleli ukushisa kakhulu kunezinye ezintathu—kungcono ukushiywa ngemuva kokuthi usulungiselele kahle indawo nge-tovarensis.

Ukutshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezifudumele: yini esebenzayo nokuthi nini okufanele uyeke.

Ukuhlala endaweni eshisayo akuvimbeli ukulima, kodwa kudinga ukudala isimo sezulu esincane. Kusukela kweshibhile kuya kweshibhile kakhulu: indlu yokugezela enefasitela ivame ukuba yigumbi elinomswakama futhi elipholile kakhulu endlini; ithileyi enobumba olunwetshiwe olumanzi ngaphansi kwezimbiza igcina umswakama wendawo; futhi, ezinyangeni ezibandayo kakhulu, igumbi elinomoya opholile cishe ngo-20°C ntambama. Labo abalima ngobuningi bakhetha indawo yokugcina iwayini elawulwa yisimo sezulu noma i-greenhouse encane ene-evaporative cooler.

Kodwa ake sithembeke: labo abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo abangenazo lezi zinketho kungcono baqale ngolunye uhlobo. Ngaphandle kwengxenye ephansi yezinga lokushisa ebusuku, i-Masdevallia iphila isikhashana futhi ayilokothi iqhakaze—futhi lokho kuyacasula ngaphezu kwalokho okufundisayo. Ngeke ngiyincome kumuntu oqala ngama-orchid futhi ongenandlela yokulawula ukushisa.

Isifinyezo engingayinika umuntu othenga ikhophi yakhe yokuqala...

Xoxa ngenkinga yamanzi ngaphambi kokubhekana ne-thermometer. Iningi labantu lifika eMasdevallia likhathazekile ngokushisa, lithenga i-thermometer, lilinganise izinga lokushisa elizungezile—futhi liqhubeke nokunisela ngamanzi aqinile, libukele isitshalo siwohloka kancane kancane ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.

Amanzi asezingeni elihle, isisekelo esihle sishintshwa njalo ngonyaka, izinga lokushisa elizinzile ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, kanye nokugeleza komoya. Konke lokhu okune kuhlangene, ngoba akukho okuvala isikhala sokuntuleka kwesinye. Yilona uhlobo olungakubekezeleli kahle ukwenziwa kabusha—futhi, ngokubuyisela, lukhiqiza imbali engavamile kakhulu umuntu angaba nayo endlini.