I-Paphiopedilum: i-orchid ethambile, ekhulela emthunzini.

I-Paphiopedilum iyi-orchid ethambile: i-petal engezansi yakha isikhwama esifana nesicathulo esincane. Ngaphandle kwesimo sayo, inezici ezimbili ezihlukile zokulima eziyenza ihluke kwezinye—uhlobo oludumile kakhulu oludinga ukukhanya okuncane , futhi yilona kuphela lapho iqabunga libonisa khona ngokucacile izinga lokushisa elithandwa yisitshalo.

Ishidi lembula izinga lokushisa alifunayo.

Lena indlela emfushane ewusizo kakhulu yohlobo lwayo, futhi kufanelekile ukuyicabangela ngaphambi kwanoma yiliphi ithebula. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, futhi ungazibona ngaphandle kokwazi igama lohlobo:

Amaqabunga anemabula , anephethini elikhanyayo nelimnyama elinezinhlayiya: athanda izindawo ezifudumele. Amaqabunga aluhlaza afanayo : athanda izindawo ezipholile. Izinhlobo zamaqabunga aneribhoni, ezikhiqiza izimbali eziningana ngesiqu ngasinye, nazo zivame ukuba nezindawo ezifudumele.

Empeleni, lokhu kunquma ukuthi isitshalo sizohlala kuphi endlini. Uma esakho sinamabala futhi usibeke ekhoneni elipholile ngoba ucabanga ukuthi wonke ama-orchid athanda ukubanda, azomila nje. Ishidi lamaqiniso le-American Orchid Society linikeza izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lohlobo lwesitshalo njengo- 12,7 kuya ku-22,2 °C ebusuku kanye no-21 kuya ku-29,4 °C emini , futhi kungaphakathi kwalolu hlu lapho amaqembu amabili asakazeke khona - lawo anebala engxenyeni engenhla, lawo aluhlaza engxenyeni engezansi.

Ukukhanya okuphansi kwemisebe kuyimfuneko, hhayi ukubekezelelana.

Ububanzi bokukhanya obunconywayo bungama -lumens angu-10.750 kuya ku-21.500 (amakhandlela angu-1.000-2.000 foot) — okufana nokwama-orchid e-Phalaenopsis, futhi kungaphansi kakhulu kwamakhandlela angu-2.000-3.500 foot e-orchid ye-Cattleya. Ngaphakathi, i-AOS itusa ifasitela elibheke empumalanga, enyakatho, noma entshonalanga elinehora elilodwa kuya kwamane lokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.

Qaphela ukuhumusha: "ifasitela lasenyakatho" lapho libhekisela efasiteleni elingavamile kakhulu ngoba imiyalelo ivela e-United States. ENingizimu Yezwekazi, okufana nalokho yifasitela laseningizimu. Noma ubani ofunda imiyalelo bese ebeka isitshalo efasiteleni lasenyakatho lapha eBrazil usinika ukuqondiswa okunamandla kakhulu endlini, hhayi okuthandwa kakhulu.

Umswakama ophansi kunabanye abantu eqenjini.

Nansi ingxenye yesibili yezindaba ezinhle zokulima endlini: ububanzi obunconywayo bungu- 40 kuya ku-50% womswakama ohlobene. Lokhu kungaphansi kwePhalaenopsis (50 kuya ku-80%) futhi kungaphansi kakhulu kweMasdevallia (70 kuya ku-90%). Ngamanye amazwi, iPaphiopedilum ingenye yezimbalwa ezingadingi i-humidifier ezindaweni eziningi zasekhaya.

Njengoba ingenayo i-pseudobulb, i-substrate idinga ukugcinwa imanzi njalo, kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Isincomo se-AOS ukuthi unisele ngokushesha nje lapho i-medium ifika endaweni eyomile—ungalindi ukuthi yome ngokuphelele.

Umanyolo: umthamo ogcwele wefomula ebuthakathaka

Lokhu kungukuguqulwa kwendlela yokucabanga esebenza kuma-orchid amaningi, futhi kulula ukukuqonda kabi. Isincomo samanje yisilinganiso esigcwele somanyolo obuthakathaka —okuphakathi kuka-5-5-5 no-10-10-10 — esikhundleni sendlela endala yokusebenzisa isilinganiso sekota somanyolo oqinile njengo-20-20-20.

Umkhuba uyenzeka unyaka wonke, lapho i-substrate igezwa kanye ngenyanga noma ngekota ukuze kususwe usawoti oqongelelekile. Ukutshala kabusha izimbiza njalo eminyakeni emibili , noma lapho i-substrate ibola; kwenziwa izicucu ezincane minyaka yonke.

Izinhlobo ezintathu kanye nezinhlobo ezixubile okufanele uqale ngazo.

Ukukhetha kwenza umehluko omkhulu lapha, ngoba iqembu elifanele lincike esimweni sezulu sendlu yakho — futhi ukuthenga okungalungile yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokukhungatheka ngalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.

Ama-hybrid avela eqenjini le-Maudiae ayindawo ephephile yokuqala isimo sezulu saseBrazil: anamaqabunga anemabula, ngakho-ke athanda izingxenye ezifudumele zesitshalo, aqhakaza kalula, futhi kulula ukuzithola. Uma uhlala endaweni efudumele futhi uzothenga eyodwa kuphela, lena yiyona.

I-Paphiopedilum insigne inamaqabunga aluhlaza afanayo futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezibekezelela kakhulu uhlobo lwayo—ibekezelela ukwehlukahluka kokunakekelwa kangcono kunokuvamile, futhi iyindlela enhle kulabo abanezindlu ezipholile noma abahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba.

I-Paphiopedilum delenatii inezimbali ezipinki kanye nephunga elimnandi, okuyinto engavamile kulolu hlobo. Idinga kakhulu kunezimbili zangaphambilini futhi angiyincomi njengokukhetha kokuqala—ifaneleka kakhulu lapho indawo isivele izinzile.

Amanzi: ikhwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu kunobuningi

I-Paphiopedilum iyazwela ekuqongeleleni usawoti ku-substrate—hhayi ngezinga elifanayo ne-Masdevallia, kodwa ngokwanele ukuthi amanzi aqinile angabangela izinkinga ezinyangeni eziningi. Yingakho iziqondiso ze-AOS (American Society of Ophthalmology) zincoma ukugeza i-substrate njalo: ukugeza kuwukususa usawoti osele ngemva kokunisela nokufaka umquba ngakunye.

Uma amanzi akho empompi eqinile, umehluko ubonakala esicongweni seqabunga, eliba mnyama futhi lome, kuqala ngamaqabunga amadala kakhulu. Kulula ukudidanisa lokhu nesikhunta, futhi ukwelashwa kuphambene nalokho: geza isisekelo kahle ngamanzi asezingeni eliphezulu bese ushintsha indawo, ungafaki isikhunta.

Amanzi emvula axazulula inkinga. Lapho lokho kungenzeki khona, ukushintshanisa ukuchelela okuvamile nokugeza okuningi kanye ngenyanga kunciphisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwamanzi.

Ungamanzisi isikhungo se-rosette.

I-Paphiopedilum ikhula ngesimo sefeni enamaqabunga aqala endaweni ephakathi, futhi amanzi amile kuleyo ndawo ephakathi endaweni engenamoya azobola indawo ekhulayo. Kuyindlela efanayo nokubola komqhele kuma-orchid e-Phalaenopsis, futhi ukunakekelwa okufanayo kuyasebenza: manzi azungeze unqenqema lwebhodwe ekuseni , futhi uma amanzi ewela phakathi, omise ngethawula lephepha.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso nakakhulu lapha ngoba izinga lomswakama walo liphansi (40 kuya ku-50%) futhi abantu abaningi bayazivikela ngokufaka i-flipper esitshalweni. Ukufaka i-flipper amaqabunga e-slipper orchid yilokho kanye okungafaneleki - uma udinga ukwandisa umswakama, sebenzisa ithileyi enobumba olunwetshiwe olumanzi oluzungezile, hhayi amanzi ngqo esitshalweni.

Imbali ihlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kwalokho?

Imbali yePaphiopedilum ingenye yezimbali ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezitshalo zasekhaya ze-orchid—ivame ukuhlala ivulekile amasonto amaningana, futhi kwezinye izinhlobo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili. Lokhu kuyingxenye yokukhanga kohlobo: izimbali ezimbalwa, kodwa isikhathi eside.

Ngemva kokuba imbali ibunile, sika isiqu phansi. Ngokungafani nama-orchid e-Phalaenopsis, lesi sitshalo asiphinde siqhakaze esiqwini esifanayo: umlandeli ngamunye wamaqabunga uyaqhakaza kanye, bese isitshalo sitshala ekukhuleni okusha okusemaceleni, okuzoba okulandelayo ukuqhakaza. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esinomlandeli oyedwa wamaqabunga asiqhakazi iminyaka emibili ilandelana—kungumjikelezo waso wemvelo, akuyona inkinga ngokunakekelwa kwaso.

Uhlu: qaphela, akaxoleli.

Ngaphandle kwe-pseudobulb, i-Paphiopedilum ayinazo izindawo zokugcina ukusekela ukuhlukana okunamandla. Umlandeli ngamunye wamaqabunga uwukukhula okuhlukile, futhi ukuhlukana kokukhula okukodwa okuhlukile kuvame ukuvimba ukukhula ngokuphelele—kungathatha iminyaka ukuthi kuqhubeke, uma kwenzeka.

Umkhawulo ophephile ukushiya okungenani amahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu ngokusika ngakunye . Lokhu kusika okuncane kunalokho ongakuthola ku-Cattleya enobukhulu obufanayo, futhi yintengo yohlobo olungagcini amanzi. Ukuhlukanisa kufanele kwenziwe kanye nokufaka kabusha, ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuqhakaza.

Imithi yezimbali eziningi, nokuthi kungani idinga isineke.

Kukhona iqembu lesithathu okufanele lilazi, noma ungeyena umqali: ama-orchid anezimbali eziningi , anamaqabunga amade, afana neribhoni, akhiqiza izimbali eziningana esiqwini eside esikhundleni selinye. Elidumile kakhulu yi- Paphiopedilum rothschildianum , elinamacembe amade aseceleni avuleka cishe ngokuvundlile, elinye lama-orchid afunwa kakhulu akhona.

Iphuzu elibalulekile isikhathi. Izitshalo ezinezimbali eziningi zinkulu futhi zikhula kancane—zivame ukuthatha iminyaka eminingana ukuze zifinyelele usayizi wezimbali, futhi eziningi ziqhakaza kuphela uma abalandeli bamaqabunga befika usayizi othile. Ukuthenga isithombo esincane esilindele izimbali ngesizini elandelayo kuyindlela yokudumazeka.

Ziphinde zithandele ekugcineni kokushisa kwebanga lokushisa, njengezinhlobo ezimabula. Uma inhloso iwukufinyelela leli qembu, indlela ehlakaniphile iwukuqala ngokulungisa indawo nge-Maudiae hybrid, bese utshala isitshalo esizodinga iminyaka yokukhula okuqhubekayo ngaphambi kokukuvuza.

Ubani okhetha yena kahle?

Uma ikhaya lakho linokukhanya okuncane nomoya owomile—inhlanganisela evimbela cishe wonke ama-orchid athandwayo—i-Paphiopedilum cishe iyona orchid ekufanele kakhulu. Ihlukile kune-orchid yaseVanda, edinga ilanga elinamandla nokunisela nsuku zonke.

Okuwukuphela kwenkinga yimbali: ngokuvamile iqhakaza eyodwa ngesiqu ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ehlala amasonto, kodwa ayinayo injabulo efana neqoqo le-Phalaenopsis. Iyi-orchid kulabo abazisa izimo ezingavamile, hhayi ubukhulu.