Masdevallia: fure mai haske mai siffar triangle, wanda aka noma a cikin yanayi mai sanyi

Masdevallia tana da suna wanda ke hana fiye da yadda yake taimakawa: "wani orchid mai wahala, kawai ga waɗanda ke da kwandishan." Bangaren da ke game da yanayin zafi gaskiya ne, amma bai cika ba - kuma wannan suna yana sa mutane da yawa su sayi na'urorin auna zafi kuma su ci gaba da fahimtar abin da ke kashe shukar, wanda shine ingancin ruwa da yawan substrate. Ya kamata a fahimci nau'in halittar ta asalinsa, domin kusan dukkan buƙatun noma an cire su daga can.

Daga ina ta fito, da kuma dalilin da ya sa, ita ce ke tantance komai.

Masdevallia babban nau'in halitta ne. Kew's Plants of the World Online yana karɓar nau'ikan halittu 659, waɗanda aka rarraba daga Mexico zuwa Brazil, tare da yawansu mai yawa a cikin Andes—Colombia, Ecuador, da Peru. Tsawon tsayin da aka yi rikodin yana da faɗi, daga kimanin mita 130 zuwa 3.800, wanda ya bayyana dalilin da yasa akwai bambancin buƙatu a cikin nau'in iri ɗaya.

Duk da haka, yawancin nau'ikan da ke isa ga noma a cikin gida sun fito ne daga saman wannan yanki: dajin gajimare na Andean, sama da mita 1.500. A can, iska tana da danshi koyaushe, hazo yana wucewa kusan kowace rana, zafin jiki ba ya canzawa sosai, kuma babu lokacin rani na gaske.

Shuke-shuken da suka bunƙasa a wannan yanayi bai buƙatar samar da wurin ajiyar ruwa ba—shi ya sa Masdevallia ba ta da kwalkwalin pseudobulb . Ba tare da wannan magudanar ruwa ba, babu wani shiri na B: idan tushen ya bushe, babu inda za a jawo ruwa daga ciki. Akasin Cattleya ne, wanda zai iya jure wa makonni na fari a cikin kwalkwalin pseudobulb ɗinsa. Ajiye ruwa yana magance rabin shakku game da noma—idan ba ka yanke shawara game da wani abu ba, tambayar da ta dace ita ce "me zai faru da wannan shukar a kan gangare a mita 2.500 tare da hazo?".

Yanayin zafin jiki, bisa ga waɗanda suka buga takardun bayanai na noma.

Jagororin noma na American Orchid Society sun yi daidai kan wannan batu, kuma ya kamata a gyara wani tatsuniya gama gari: abin da shukar ke buƙata shine yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa , ba raguwar da ta yi yawa tsakanin dare da rana ba.

Babban bayani game da babban iyaka shine ba wai game da matsakaici ba ne, a'a, game da yanayin zafi mafi girma ne. Rana ta 30°C tana yin barna fiye da mako guda a 24°C. Alamar da ta fi sauri cewa abubuwa sun yi nisa ita ce furen ya bushe kafin ya buɗe - idan hakan ta faru, abin da ya kamata ku nema shi ne abin da ya yi zafi sosai, ba abin da ya rasa ruwa ba.

Dangane da haske, akwai wani gyara da ake buƙata: Jagororin Amurka sun ba da shawarar taga mai fuskantar arewa don rage hasken rana kai tsaye. A Kudancin Duniya, wannan ya juya - a nan, taga mai ƙarancin rana ita ce wadda ke fuskantar kudu , kuma wacce ke fuskantar arewa ita ce mafi ƙarfi. Fahimtar wannan ba daidai ba hanya ce ta gama gari don ƙona takarda ko da lokacin bin umarnin da ya dace.

Ruwan yana saukar da Masdevallia fiye da zafi.

Wannan shine ɓangaren da kusan ba ya bayyana a jerin "orchid for newcomers", kuma shine ainihin matsalar. Orchids na Masdevallia, kamar sauran ƙawancen Pleurothallidinae, suna da saurin kamuwa da tarin gishirin ma'adinai. A cikin dajin gajimare, shukar tana karɓar ruwan sama da danshi - kusan ruwan da aka tace. Ruwan famfo da aka yi wa magani yana ɗauke da chlorine, fluoride, da gishirin da aka narkar waɗanda ke taruwa a cikin substrate tare da kowane shayarwa.

A aikace: ruwan sama shine zaɓi na farko, kuma ruwan tacewa na baya-bayan nan shine na biyu. A matsayin misali mai kyau, noman nau'ikan halittu masu laushi galibi yana aiki da ruwa ƙasa da ppm 100 zuwa 150 na daskararrun da aka narkar - mitar TDS ta akwatin kifaye ba ta da araha kuma tana warware shakku. Idan ruwan yankin yana da tauri, ya cancanci a auna kafin a ɗora alhakin yanayi.

Alamar tarin gishiri tana da sauƙi kuma tana da sauƙin rikitar da ita: ƙarshen ganyen yana ƙonewa da duhu, yana farawa da tsoffin ganye . Yana kama da lalacewar fungal, kuma maganin ya bambanta gaba ɗaya - wanke substrate da ruwa mai kyau a cikin isasshen adadin kuma canza maganin, kar a shafa maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.

Dangane da yawan amfani da shi: sinadarin ba ya bushewa gaba ɗaya. Wannan ba ya zama tsari mai ƙayyadadden lokaci ba, domin ya dogara ne akan tukunya, substrate, da kuma iska - ya zama al'ada a manne yatsanka tsakanin ɓawon kuma a ji idan har yanzu akwai danshi a tsakiyar tukunya, ba kawai a saman ba.

Yawan danshi yana buƙatar samun iska daidai gwargwado.

Babban ɗanɗanon da ake buƙata ga wannan nau'in - nau'in da aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafen noma yana kusa da kashi 70 zuwa 90%, kuma ƙasa da kashi 60% na tsawon lokaci shukar tana hana girma kuma toho ya bushe. Amma akwai tarko a ciki: babban ɗanɗanon da iska ta tsaya cak yana ruɓe tushen da ke cikin wani abu da ba ya bushewa.

Abubuwa biyu suna tafiya tare. Duk lokacin da danshi ya ƙaru, dole ne zagayawar iska ta ƙaru daidai gwargwado. Ƙaramin fanka a ƙaramin gudu, wanda aka nuna a bango ba a wurin shuka ba, yana yin aikin ba tare da ya busar da ganyen ba.

Siraran substrate da kuma sake yin tukunya akai-akai fiye da yadda ake tsammani.

Tsarkakken gansakuka na sphagnum yana aiki da kyau ga ƙananan tsire-tsire; ga manyan shuke-shuke, cakuda ɗan itacen pine tare da perlite da ɗan gansakuka na sphagnum ya fi kyau. Gansakuka masu kauri ba su dace ba: yana bushewa da sauri kuma yana barin manyan gibba inda tsarin tushen ba zai iya riƙewa ba.

Ƙaramin tukunya, koyaushe yana ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Tsarin tushen yana da siriri kuma dukkan tsarin yana da ƙanƙanta - babban tukunya yana nufin danshi mai yawa wanda ba shi da tushe don ya mamaye, sannan ya ruɓe.

Sake shukar shekara-shekara , ko kuma lokacin da sphagnum moss ya fara yin laushi. Wannan ya fi faruwa fiye da yawancin orchids da aka noma a gida, kuma da gangan ne: tsohon substrate ɗin da ya lalace yana riƙe daidai gishirin da shukar ba ta jurewa ba. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine jim kaɗan bayan fure, ba lokacin da toho yake kan shukar ba.

Nau'i uku da za a fara da su, kuma wanda ya fi gafartawa.

Masdevallia tovarensis ita ce nau'in da aka ba da shawarar ga waɗanda suka fara shiga cikin wannan nau'in. Yana jure zafi kaɗan fiye da sauran, yana samar da furanni fari a cikin gungu uku zuwa biyar a kowace tushe - ba kamar yawancin nau'in ba, wanda ke samar da fure ɗaya a kowace tushe - kuma yana fure a ƙarshen shekara.

Kuma akwai wani abu na musamman da ya kamata a sani kafin yin kuskuren: kar a yanke tushen bayan furen ya faɗi . *Phalaenopsis tovarensis* zai sake yin fure a kan tushen a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Waɗanda suka fito daga Phalaenopsis orchids sun daina amfani da shi kuma suna rasa lokacin shuka.

Masdevallia veitchiana ita ce mafi ban mamaki: launin lemu mai ƙarfi da aka lulluɓe da ƙananan papillae masu launin shunayya, waɗanda ke haifar da walƙiya idan aka fallasa su ga haske. Yaren mutanen Peru ne, daga yankin Machu Picchu, kuma yana buƙatar dare mai sanyi.

Masdevallia coccinea tana da manyan furanni, ja, magenta, ko fari, a kan tsayin tushe. Colombian ne, yana bunƙasa a tsaunuka masu tsayi, kuma shine mafi ƙarancin jure zafi daga cikin ukun - mafi kyau a bar shi bayan kun shirya yanayin da kyau tare da tovarensis.

Noman amfanin gona a yanayin zafi: abin da ke aiki da kuma lokacin da za a daina.

Zama a wuri mai zafi ba ya hana noma, amma yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai sauƙi. Daga mafi arha zuwa mafi tsada: bandaki mai taga yawanci shine mafi danshi da sanyi a gidan; tire mai yumɓu mai laushi a ƙarƙashin tukwane yana riƙe da danshi na gida; kuma, a cikin watanni mafi sanyi, ɗaki mai na'urar sanyaya iska kusan 20°C da rana. Waɗanda ke noma da yawa suna zaɓar ɗakin ajiya na ruwan inabi mai sarrafa yanayi ko ƙaramin gidan kore mai sanyaya iska mai ƙafe.

Amma bari mu faɗi gaskiya: waɗanda ke zaune a yanayin zafi ba tare da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan ba, ya fi kyau su fara da wani nau'in. Ba tare da ƙasan yanayin zafin da daddare ba, Masdevallia tana rayuwa na ɗan lokaci kuma ba ta yin fure - kuma hakan yana ɓata rai fiye da yadda yake koyarwa. Ba zan ba da shawarar hakan ga wanda ke fara da orchids kuma ba shi da hanyar sarrafa zafi ba.

Takaitaccen bayani da zan ba wa wani wanda ya sayi kwafinsa na farko...

Magance matsalar ruwa kafin a magance ma'aunin zafi. Yawancin mutane suna isa Masdevallia suna damuwa da zafi, suna siyan na'urar auna zafi, suna auna zafin yanayi - sannan su ci gaba da shayar da ruwa mai tauri, suna kallon yadda shukar ke raguwa a hankali ba tare da wani dalili ba.

Ruwa mai kyau, ana canza yanayin ƙasa mai kyau kowace shekara, yanayin zafi mai kyau a cikin madaidaicin kewayon, da kuma zagayawar iska. Duk huɗun tare, domin babu wanda ke rama rashin wani. Ita ce halittar da ba ta jure wa gyare-gyare ba—kuma, a madadin haka, tana samar da fure mafi ban mamaki da mutum zai iya samu a cikin gida.