Yadda ake gane orchid ɗinka ba tare da buƙatar fure ba?

Lakabin da ke kan orchid ɗin da ka saya wataƙila yana nufin "Orchid" ba wani abu ba. Wani lokaci yana cewa "Orchid Butterfly," wanda shine sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga Phalaenopsis, wani lokacin kuma yana da lambar da ke wakiltar lambar rajistar mai shuka, ba ta hanyar tantance tsirrai ba.

Wannan babbar matsala ce, domin kusan kowace shawara ta noma ta dogara ne da nau'in halittar. Irin wannan ban ruwa da ke ci gaba da rayuwa na Phalaenopsis yana ruɓewa ga Cattleya. Hasken da ke sa furen Vanda ya ƙone Paphiopedilum.

Labari mai daɗi shine za ku iya gano nau'in halittar ba tare da sanin komai game da ilimin tsirrai ba, ta hanyar duba halaye huɗu na shukar - kuma babu ɗayansu da ya dogara da shukar tana fure. Wannan jagorar ita ce mabuɗin, a cikin tsari wanda ya kawar da yuwuwar gaske.

Mataki na 1: Shin yana da pseudobulb ko a'a?

Wannan ita ce tambayar da ta raba duniya gida biyu, kuma ita ce mafi amfani. Fara da ita.

Kwalba mai kama da tauri tana kama da tauri a gindin shukar, tsakanin tushen da ganyen. Tana iya zama zagaye, mai siffar oval, mai faɗi, ko tsayi kamar sigari. Aikinta shine adana ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki.

Idan shukar ku tana da wannan kauri, tana adana ruwa - kuma hakan yana nufin ya kamata ya bushe tsakanin ban ruwa. Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Zygopetalum, da Stanhopea suna cikin wannan rukunin.

Idan ba shi da tushe—idan ganyen ya fito kai tsaye daga wani kunkuntar tushe ba tare da wani kauri ba—ba shi da wani tabo , kuma bai kamata substrate ɗin ya bushe gaba ɗaya ba. Phalaenopsis, Vanda, Paphiopedilum, da Masdevallia suna cikin wannan rukunin.

Da wannan amsar kawai, kun riga kun san kuskuren ban ruwa mafi yuwuwa da za ku guji. Kuma ya cancanci hakan: ban ruwa mara kyau shine abin da ke kashe mafi yawan sabbin orchids, ta hanyar babban bambanci.

Mataki na 2: Shin yana girma sama ko gefe?

Wannan shine kashi na biyu na asali, kuma yana da suna na fasaha wanda ya cancanci a sani domin yana bayyana a cikin kowane kayan bincike mai mahimmanci.

Monopodial: shukar tana da wurin girma ɗaya a sama kuma tana girma sama. Ganyayyaki suna fitowa a jere, ɗaya a kowane gefe, kuma shukar tana ƙara tsayi akan lokaci. Ba ta yin guntu.

Furen orchid na Phalaenopsis da Vanda suna da siffar ganye ɗaya. Shi ya sa ruɓewar kambi ke da matuƙar tsanani a cikinsu: idan wurin girma ɗaya tilo ya ruɓe, to shukar ba ta da inda za ta tsiro.

Sympodial: shukar tana girma a gefe a kan wani rhizome mai kwance, tana samar da sabon ci gaba tare da wanda ya gabata. Bayan lokaci yana samar da gungu, shi ya sa ake iya raba shi.

Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, da Paphiopedilum suna da alaƙa da juna. Idan shukar ku tana da "masu sha'awar" da yawa ko kuma ƙwanƙwasa masu kama da juna da yawa, to sympodial ne - kuma ana iya yaɗa shi.

Bayan ketare matakai biyu na farko, filin ya riga ya zama ƙarami:

	Tare da kwan fitila mai siffar pseudobulb	Ba tare da kwan fitila mai siffar pseudobulb ba
Monopodial	-	Phalaenopsis, Vanda
Taron jama'a	Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Zygopetalum	Paphiopedilum, Masdevallia

Mataki na 3: Takarda

Yanzu takardar ta raba abin da ya rage. Duba abubuwa uku: kauri, siffa, da tsari.

Ganyayyaki masu kauri, faɗi, masu nama, zagaye a ƙarshen , suna fitowa a cikin ƙaramin fure mai siffar rosette: Phalaenopsis. Ita ce mafi shahara a cikin duka.

Ganyayyaki masu kauri, masu tauri, masu kama da ribbon da aka shirya a jere a kan tushe a tsaye: Vanda. Idan ganyen yana da silinda, kamar fensir, Vanda ne daga ƙungiyar terete, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin rana.

Dogayen ganye masu sirara, masu launin fata a cikin wani babban tarin ganye wanda yayi kama da babban ciyawa: Cymbidium.

Ganyen da aka yi da marmara mai launuka biyu na kore: ganyen da aka yi da marmara Paphiopedilum—kuma wannan tsarin yana nuna maka cewa ya fi son yanayi mai dumi. Idan ganyen kore ne iri ɗaya, to Paphiopedilum ne wanda ya fi son yanayi mai sanyi.

Ganye siriri, mai laushi, marasa laushi suna fitowa kai tsaye daga kunkuntar tushe ba tare da kwalkwalin pseudobulb ba: wataƙila Masdevallia.

Wani ganye mai tauri yana fitowa daga saman wani babban bulbulin da ake iya gani a fili: wannan shine babban rukuni na sympodials tare da bulbulin pseudobulbs, kuma mataki na gaba zai raba su.

Mataki na 4: Cikakken bayani game da pseudobulb

Idan ka kai ga wannan matakin, shukar tana da kwalta mai siffar pseudobulb - kuma siffarta ita ce amsar.

Kwan fitila mai tsayi, mai siffar sigari ko kulba, tare da ganye ɗaya ko biyu a sama: Cattleya. Ganyen ganye ɗaya a kowace kwan fitila yana nuna ƙungiyar unifolate, tare da manyan furanni; biyu ko fiye suna nuna tsire-tsire masu siffar bifolate, tare da ƙananan furanni da yawa.

Kwan fitila mai faɗi, mai siffar oval, kamar ƙaramin kwan fitila mai haske kore, tare da siraran ganye masu tsayi: Oncidium ko Miltonia. Su biyun suna kama da juna, kuma furen yana bambanta su: Oncidium yana samar da ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya da yawa a kan rassan rassan - don haka ana kiransa da "shawa mai launin zinare." Miltonia tana samar da babban fure mai faɗi wanda yayi kama da pansy.

Kwalba mai siffar sanda a tsaye, mai ganye a tsawonsa ba kawai a saman ba: Dendrobium. Nau'o'i da yawa suna rasa ganyensu a lokacin hunturu kuma suna fure a kan sandar da babu kowa—wanda ke tsorata waɗanda ke tunanin shukar ta mutu.

Babban kwaro mai siffar ƙwallo mai zagaye a cikin wani matse mai ƙarfi, tare da dogayen ganye masu kama da ciyawa: Cymbidium.

Ƙaramin fure mai siffar kwalta, ganye mai tauri, da kuma fure mai ƙamshi sosai: yana iya zama Zygopetalum, wanda furensa yana da koren ganye tare da tabo masu launin ruwan kasa da kuma lebe mai launin lilac mai ratsi sosai.

Tushen ma yana da muhimmanci.

Tushen wata alama ce ta biyu, amma yana taimakawa wajen tabbatarwa - kuma yana da amfani idan shukar ta isa ba tare da furanni ba kuma ba ta da ganye kaɗan.

Saiwoyi masu kauri da fari masu fitowa daga tukunya suna rataye a sararin sama: Vanda. Waɗannan su ne saiwoyi mafi kauri a cikin rukunin jama'a, waɗanda aka rufe da nama mai laushi wanda ke shan ruwa daga iska.

Saiwa mai kauri, kore a ƙarshen kuma mai launin azurfa idan ya bushe, yana da faɗi inda ya taɓa saman: Phalaenopsis.

Tushen matsakaici, fari, silinda mai fitowa daga rhizome: Cattleya da sauran tsire-tsire masu siffar sympodial tare da ƙwanƙwasa-ƙwanƙwasa.

Tsarin tushen siriri, kusan na capillary, mai rassan rassan sosai: Masdevallia da Paphiopedilum. Tsarin tushen siriri ya bayyana dalilin da yasa waɗannan biyun ke buƙatar substrate mai ƙananan girman barbashi - kauri haushi yana barin manyan ramuka kuma tsarin tushen bai kafa kansa ba.

Idan furen ya yi fure, furen zai yi fure.

Ga furanni, gano su ya fi sauri. Wasu siffofi ba za a iya kuskure su ba.

Labellum mai siffar jaka ko takalmi: Paphiopedilum. Ba zai yiwu a rikitar da shi ba.

Sepals guda uku da aka haɗa suna samar da alwatika, yawanci suna da siraran wutsiya: Masdevallia.

Babban fure, lebe mai faɗi da kuma gefuna, ƙamshi mai ƙarfi: Cattleya.

Ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya da yawa a kan rassan rassan: Oncidium.

Furen da aka yi da siffa mai faɗi, mai kama da furen pansy: Miltonia.

Tushen ƙaho mai furanni masu zagaye, lebur, fari ko ruwan hoda da yawa: Phalaenopsis.

Tushen tushen furen kuma yana gano tushen.

Wannan alama ce da kusan babu wanda ya ambata, kuma abin dogaro ne sosai domin wurin da ake fitar da hayaki a kan tushe yana da alaƙa da kowace ƙungiya.

Daga tsakiyar ganyen, a gefen tushe: Phalaenopsis. Tushen yana fitowa tsakanin tushen ganye biyu da kuma baka a waje.

Daga cikin wani kumfa a saman sabon kwalkwalin: Cattleya. Kumfa wani tsari ne mai launin kore wanda aka shimfida a baya, kuma tushen yana fitowa daga ciki.

Daga tushen gungun, kusa da substrate: Cymbidium. Tushen suna girma a tsaye da tsayi, daga matakin tukunya.

Daga gefen kwalbar da aka yi wa lanƙwasa, a kan wani dogon tushe mai rassan itace: Oncidium.

Tare da tushe a tsaye, a kan ƙusoshin, sau da yawa tare da tushe mara ganye: Dendrobium.

Wani abin mamaki da ya kamata a lura da shi: Cattleya walkeriana ta Brazil tana fitar da furenta daga tushen rhizome, ba daga saman pseudobulb kamar sauran nau'in Cattleya ba. Waɗanda ke jiran furen ya fito daga sama suna tunanin shukar ba za ta yi fure ba.

Kurakuran da aka fi sani guda uku

Oncidium, Miltonia, da Odontoglossum. Duk ukun tsire-tsire ne masu siffar sympodial tare da ƙwanƙwasa masu faɗi da ganyaye sirara, kuma ba su da furanni, wanda hakan ke sa su wahalar bambancewa ko da ga shuke-shuken da suka ƙware.

Hanya mafi dacewa ta yanke shawara kan kulawa kafin fure ita ce duba buƙatun zafin jiki: Odontoglossum da Miltonia sun fito ne daga tsaunuka masu tsayi kuma suna buƙatar yanayi mai sanyi, yayin da Oncidium ke jure zafi mai yawa. Idan kuna cikin shakku, ku yi amfani da shi a matsayin Oncidium idan kuna zaune a wuri mai zafi—kuskure a ɓangaren da ya fi jure wa ya fi aminci.

Ana samun Dendrobium mara ganye a matsayin shukar da ta mutu. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in suna da ganye: suna rasa dukkan ganyensu a lokacin hunturu, suna barin tushe mara ganye, suna bayyana a mace. A kan wannan tushe ne furen zai yi fure a lokacin bazara.

Gwajin abu ne mai sauƙi: reshe mai rai yana da ƙarfi kuma baya lanƙwasawa; reshe da ya mutu yana zama rami, bushewa, kuma yana karyewa. Idan ya yi ƙarfi, kada ka jefar da shi ko ka yanke shi—kawai ka rage ruwa ka jira.

Sau da yawa Keiki yana kuskuren fahimtar girma na yau da kullun. "Keiki" shine sunan da ake ba shukar da ke tsiro a kan tushen fure ko tushen shukar, wacce aka saba samu a Phalaenopsis da Dendrobium.

Sabuwar shuka ce, wacce take kama da ta uwar shukar, kuma ana iya raba ta idan tana da saiwoyi biyu ko uku na kimanin santimita biyar. Raba ta da wuri, ba tare da samuwar tushen ba, yawanci yakan kashe tsiron.

Me yasa ganewa ke canza tukunya da substrate?

Gano nau'in halittar ba wai kawai sha'awar ilimi ba ce—yana canza shawara mai amfani wacce ke kashe kuɗi da tsire-tsire.

Girman tukunya. Shuke-shuken Sympodial suna girma a gefe, don haka suna buƙatar sarari a gefen girman rhizome: tsiron yana girma a gefen kuma rhizome ɗin yana nuni zuwa tsakiya, yana barin zagaye biyu ko uku na slack. Shuke-shuken monopodial suna girma sama kuma ba sa buƙatar wannan slack na gefe - tukunya mai tauri za ta yi.

Girman barbashin substrate ya dogara da kauri tushen. Vanda da Phalaenopsis suna da saiwoyi masu kauri waɗanda ke buƙatar haushi matsakaici zuwa mai kauri. Masdevallia da Paphiopedilum suna da siraran saiwoyi waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin substrate; in ba haka ba, za a sami sarari mara komai tsakanin layukan bawon, wanda ke hana tushen kafawa.

Yawan sake yin tukunya. Nau'o'in da ba sa jure gishirin da aka tara, kamar Masdevallia, suna buƙatar sake yin tukunya a kowace shekara. Cattleya da Cymbidium na iya jure shekaru biyu zuwa uku.

Ana iya raba shi. Tsire-tsire masu siffar sympodial ne kawai ke samar da guntu-guntu masu rabuwa. Ƙoƙarin "raba" Phalaenopsis ko Vanda ba shi da ma'ana - a cikinsu, ninkawa yana fitowa ne daga keiki ko kuma daga yankewa sama da tushensa.

Abin da lakabin bai gaya maka ba

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci ma'anar sunayen kasuwanci, domin wannan yana hana binciken intanet mai wahala.

Yawancin furannin orchid da ake sayarwa a manyan kantuna da shagunan furanni iri-iri ne , ba na halitta ba. Suna kamar Phalaenopsis "Big Lip" ba nau'in halitta ba ne - zaɓi ne na kasuwanci. Neman takamaiman nau'in wannan sunan ba zai haifar da wani sakamako ba; abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne noma nau'in halittar gaba ɗaya.

Sunaye masu × a tsakiya, ko kuma suna da suna mai kyau a cikin ambato ɗaya, suna nuna haɗin gwiwa mai rijista. Kuma akwai nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa: Brassolaeliocattleya, misali, haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin nau'ikan ƙungiyar Cattleya, kuma yana samun kulawa daga Cattleya.

Wani abin da ke kawo rudani shi ne sake suna a cikin tsarin taxonomic . Yawancin tsire-tsire da ake sayarwa a matsayin Laelia purpurata a yau ana rarraba su a matsayin Cattleya purpurata - shuka ɗaya, sunaye biyu masu inganci a lokuta daban-daban. Idan neman suna ɗaya bai haifar da sakamako ba, gwada ɗayan.

Manhajar ID ta hoto: yi amfani da ita da taka tsantsan.

Manhajojin da ke gano tsirrai ta hanyar hoto suna aiki sosai a matakin nau'in kuma ba su da kyau a matakin nau'in - kuma orchids su ne mafi munin yanayi a gare su, saboda iyalin suna da dubban nau'ikan da suka yi kama da juna.

Amfani mai kyau a matsayin tabbaci ne, ba a matsayin amsa ba. Idan manhajar ta ce "Phalaenopsis" kuma shukar tana da tsayi ɗaya, ba tare da kwalkwalin pseudobulbs ba, tare da ganye masu kauri da zagaye, suna da kyau - abubuwa biyu sun yi daidai.

Idan manhajar ta ba da takamaiman sunan nau'in tare da cikakken tabbacin, yi shakka. Sunayen nau'in suna buƙatar cikakkun bayanai na fure waɗanda hoton wayar hannu ba kasafai yake ɗauka ba.

Domin tabbatar da gaskiya, hanya mafi kyau ita ce a kwatanta ta amfani da bayanan tsirrai - Kew's Plants of the World Online kyauta ne kuma yana rufe sunayen da aka yarda da su. Ga nau'in Brazil, Flora da Funga na Brazil suna nuna inda yake faruwa. Ƙungiyar masu sha'awar orchids tare da kyakkyawan hoton furen da aka buɗe suma suna aiki da kyau kuma yawanci suna da sauri.

Yadda ake ɗaukar hoto don neman shaidar mutum

Neman taimako a cikin ƙungiyoyin masu sha'awar orchid yana aiki da kyau, amma ingancin amsawar ya dogara ne gaba ɗaya akan hoton. Mutumin da ke amsawa yana buƙatar ganin abin da yake ganowa, kuma yawancin buƙatun ba su cika ba saboda suna nuna furen ne kawai daga nesa.

Hotuna huɗu zasu iya magance kusan kowace matsala:

Duk shukar , daga gaba, tana nuna yanayin girmarta - ko tana hawa kan tushe ɗaya ko kuma tana yaɗuwa a cikin tarin. Wannan hoton yana bayyana ko tana da siffar monopodial ko sympodial.

Duban kusa da tushen shukar , wanda ke nuna ko akwai kwalkwalin pseudobulb da kuma siffarsa.

Ana nuna furen daga gaba , tare da kyakkyawan haske, ba tare da walƙiya ba, yana cike firam ɗin. Filashi yana daidaita launin kuma yana ɓata yanayin, wanda shine ainihin bayanan da ke gano shi.

Furen da ke cikin siffar fure. Wannan shine wanda aka fi rasa daga oda kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi amfani: siffar furen tana nuna siffar labelum da kuma kasancewar spur ko wutsiya a kan sepals.

A cikin bayanin yankinku da kuma ko ana ajiye shukar a cikin gida ko a waje. Wannan yana kawar da nau'ikan da ba su dace da yanayin ku ba kuma yana rage hasashen wanda zai amsa.

Kuma ƙara wani abu a hoton don sikelin idan shukar ƙarama ce—tsabar kuɗi ko yatsanka. Ƙananan orchids da manyan orchids na iya samun furanni masu kama da juna a cikin hotuna ba tare da la'akari da girmansu ba.

Me zai faru idan ba za ka iya gane shi ba?

Yana faruwa, kuma ba matsala ba ce. Akwai tsarin kulawa mai "aminci" wanda ke aiki ga shukar da ba a sani ba yayin da kake lura da ita, kuma ya dogara ne akan mataki na 1.

Idan yana da haske mai haske: haske mai haske a kaikaice, a bar shi ya bushe tsakanin ban ruwa, a yi takin zamani a cikin ƙaramin adadin duk bayan makonni biyu a lokacin zafi. Wannan tsari bai dace da kowace irin shuka ba, amma ba zai kashe ko ɗaya ba.

Idan ba shi da kwalkwalin pseudobulb: a samar da haske a kaikaice, a bar substrate ɗin ya ɗan jike kaɗan ba tare da jiƙa ba, a sha ruwa da safe, kuma kada a taɓa barin ruwa a cikin kambin.

Sai a jira har sai fure ya fito. Idan furen ya buɗe, gano shi zai zama da sauƙi, sannan a daidaita kulawar da ta dace da abin da wannan nau'in halittar ke buƙata. Lokacin da aka yi a cikin tsari mai aminci ba ya cutar da shukar—kawai yana jinkirta ingantawa kaɗan.

Takaitaccen Bayani

A tsari, kuma ba tare da buƙatar fure ba: shin yana da kwalkwalin pseudobulb? Wannan yana ƙayyade jadawalin shayarwa. Shin yana girma sama ko gefe? Wannan yana ƙayyade ko za a iya raba shi da kuma inda haɗarin yake. Yaya ganyen yake? Wannan yana taƙaita shi ga nau'in halittar. Yaya kwalkwalin pseudobulb yake? Wannan yana taƙaita shi.

Tambayoyi huɗu za su iya taimakawa wajen gano kusan kowace orchid da aka saya a Brazil. Kuma amsa waɗannan tambayoyin shine abin da ke canza kulawar gabaɗaya zuwa kulawa da ta dace—saboda orchids ba su da doka ɗaya, suna da dokoki da suka dace da nau'in halittarsu.