Maitiro ekurima orchid yakasungirirwa pamuti uri mugadheni rako.

Avo vanorima maorchid muEurope kana kuUnited States vanoda greenhouse inodziya kwenguva yakareba yegore. MuBrazil, munzvimbo huru dzenyika, zvinokwanisika kuita zvinongofungwa nevanhu ivavo: kusungira orchid pamuti uri kuseri kwemba woirega ikagara imomo, inenge iri yega, kwemakumi emakore.

Ndiyo iri pedyo nekurima kwechisikigo iripo, ndiyo yakachipa pakuchengetedza, uye ndiyo inogadzira zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanyanya. Ndiyo zvakare isina kunyorwa zvakanyanya muchiPutukezi, nekuti zvinenge zvese zvirimo ishanduro yezvinhu zvinobva mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora.

Gwaro iri rinopa mazano ekuti chii chichaitika: kuti ndeapi marudzi anogamuchirwa, kuti muti ungasarudzwa sei, kuti ungauchengetedza sei usingakuvadze chirimwa, uye zvekuita mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga kusvika wazvibatanidza.

Chekutanga, kugadzirisa kwakakosha: maorchid haasi maparasite.

Pfungwa iyi isiriyo inoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vabvise maorchid kubva mumiti, vachifunga kuti vari kuponesa muti. Zvakasiyana neizvi ndezvechokwadi: hapana chakaipa chakaitika.

MaOrchidhi mazhinji anorimwa iepiphytes —anorarama pane chimwe chirimwa, achichishandisa sechitsigiro chemuviri chete. Mudzi unonamatira pagwati uye unotora mvura kubva mumvura nemhepo, pamwe chete nezvinovaka muviri zvinobva muzvinhu zvipenyu zvinoungana ipapo.

Haipindi mumiti uye haitore chero chinhu kubva mairi. Zvakasiyana zvachose nemuti wemistletoe, uyo uri tupukanana chaitwo uye unokonzera kukuvara.

Kunzwisisa izvi kunochinja kurimwa: midzi ye epiphyte yakashanduka kuti ionekwe mumhepo , ichichinjana pakati penguva yekunyorova nenguva yekuoma. Ndosaka kuviga maorchid muvhu remubindu kuchiauraya—hakusi kushaikwa kwezvinovaka muviri, asi kudzika midzi.

Ndezvipi genera zvinoshanda mumuti?

Havasi vese vanozvigamuchira. Zvinodiwa ndezvekuti munhu akwanise kushivirira zuva, mvura inonaya zvakananga, uye tembiricha inoshanduka.

Dzinoshanda zvakanaka kwazvo: Cattleya neboka rayo, kusanganisira mhando dzeBrazil; Oncidium; Dendrobium; Brassavola; Epidendrum. Idzi zvirimwa zvinoda chiedza chakasimba, zvine ma pseudobulbs ekuchengetera mvura, uye zvinogona kutsungirira nguva yekusanaya kwemvura.

Dzinoshanda nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetwa: Vanda inokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinodziya, asi inongowanikwa mudengu rakarembera, isina kusungirirwa pahunde—inoda midzi yayo isina kuvharwa zvachose. Bulbophyllum inoigamuchira, chero bedzi iri munzvimbo ine mumvuri.

Handikurudzire Phalaenopsis orchids. Nzvimbo yavo imwe chete inokura, iri pakati perosette, inounganidza mvura inonaya uye inoora—uye pasina nzvimbo iyi, chirimwa hachina pekumera. Kana ukaramba uchichikura, chinofanira kutsveyamiswa uye kuchengetwa chakavharirwa, izvo zvinoderedza mukana wekuti chisashande.

Uyewo hazvina kukodzera: Paphiopedilum, inokura mumashizha akapararira pasi uye isiri epiphyte yakajairika; uye Masdevallia, inoda tembiricha inotonhorera nguva dzose uye hunyoro hwakawanda, zvakaoma kuvimbisa mumuti wakavhurika.

Maitiro ekusarudza muti

Kusarudza muti kunokosha kupfuura nzira yekusunga. Zvinhu zvitatu, zvichienderana nekukosha kwawo.

Makwati akaomarara asingabvi. Mudzi wacho unoda nzvimbo isina kurongeka kuti ubate. Makwati akatsetseka anoita kuti zviome, uye makwati anobuda mumaplate anotonyanya kuipa: muti unorasa orchid pamwe chete nemakwati ekare.

Ndosaka eucalyptus iri sarudzo yakaipa —makwati anosvuuka kuita zvidimbu, uye chirimwa chinodonha mwedzi yakati wandei mushure mekunge chakura. Mupaini une dambudziko rimwe chete, rinowedzerwa neresin.

Sarudzo dzakanaka dzinowanikwa mumasango ekuBrazil: muti wemango, muti wejaboticaba, muti weguava, muti wecashew, muti weipê, muti wequaresmeira, muti wepau-ferro, muti wejacaranda. Miti yemichero ine makwati akakora inowanzova yakanaka kwazvo.

Denga rinosefa, kwete rinovhara. Muti wakakodzera unobvumira chiedza kupfuura nepakati nenzira ine madhaka. Denga rakakora kwazvo rinosiya mumvuri wakawandisa uye chirimwa hachitungi maruva; muti usina mashizha akawanda unopiswa nezuva nekutsva.

Miti yemiti yakasvibira inogona kufanotaurwa zviri nyore. Miti inorasikirwa nemashizha ayo ese munguva yechando inochinja zvikuru chiedza munguva yemwaka apo maorchid akawanda anenge achitumbuka—izvi zvinogona kushanda, asi zvinoda kutarisirwa.

Kupi pamuti wekugadzirisa

Nzvimbo yacho ndiyo inosarudza chiedza, kuyerera kwemvura, uye kugadzikana.

Sarudza forogo — nzvimbo iyo hunde inosangana nebazi. Pane rutsigiro rwechisikigo ipapo, chirimwa hachitsvedze, uye chinowanzo unganidza zvimwe zvinhu zvechisikigo, izvo zvinobatsira pakutanga.

Kumabvazuva kwehunde. Zuva remangwanani rakanyorova; zuva remasikati muzhizha reBrazil rinopisa mashizha, kunyangwe emarudzi anoda chiedza chakasimba.

Kureba kuri pakati pemita imwe nehafu nehafu. Kureba zvakakwana kutiza hozhwa nehozhwa dzinokwira kubva pasi, kwakaderera zvakakwana kuti udire mvura uye uongorore usina manera.

Chirimwa chinofanira kunge chakarerekera, kwete kukura kwacho kuchitarisa mudenga. Mvura yemvura inofanira kudonha. Kudyara kwakatwasuka kana kuti kwakatetepa zvishoma kunodzivirira mvura kuti isaungane mumapete.

Uye dzivisa nzvimbo iri pasi pebazi rinodonha mvura nguva dzose kana mvura yanaya — kuzara kwemvura nguva dzose kunoodza midzi sehari isina gomba rekudonhedza mvura.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa, nhanho nenhanho.

Chinangwa ndechekubata chirimwa zvakasimba kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore, kusvika midzi yacho yadzika midzi yoga. Mushure meizvozvo, kuisunga hazvina basa.

Sarudza chinhu chakakodzera. Sisal twine, ribhoni rejira, kana chidimbu che nylon stocking. Sisal ine mukana wekuti inoora zvakasikwa mukati menguva inotorwa kuti mudzi utore nzvimbo.

Usamboshandisa waya zvakananga pamuti. Inocheka rhizome sezvo muti uchikura. Kana uchida waya yekuvaka, haigone kubata nyama mhenyu.

Usarove muti nembambo kana kuuputira. Maronda ari pahunde ndiwo anopinda nefungus.

Isa chigadziko chinochengetedza hunyoro. Chitsama che coconut fiber, sphagnum moss, kana moss pakati pe orchid ne bark zvinochengetedza hunyoro mukati memwedzi mishoma yekutanga, inova ndiyo nguva yakakosha zvikuru. Zvishoma—zvakakwana kudzivirira kuti isaome mumaawa mashoma.

Sunga pa rhizome kana pasi, kwete mashizha. Sunga zvakasimba, asi usasimbise kusvika yasiya chiratidzo. Chirimwa hachifanirwe kuzununguka nemhepo, sezvo midzi mitsva ichityoka nyore nyore.

Isa mudzi pagwati. Mudzi unoyangarara mumhepo haubati. Unoda kubata kuti utumire bvudzi rinonamira pamusoro.

Nguva yakakodzera: chitubu

Dyara muchirimo, pakati paGunyana naMbudzi. Apa ndipo panotanga kukura chirimwa uye panotanga kumera midzi mitsva - uye midzi mitsva iyi ndiyo inobvumira chirimwa kunamira.

Kuedza kuidyara munguva yechando kutambisa nguva: chirimwa chacho, kana changomiswa, hachibudisi midzi, chinoramba chakasungwa kwemwedzi yakati wandei, uye chinenge chiri nyore kukuvadzwa munguva iyi.

Semazuva ese, musaita izvi kana chirimwa chatanga kutumbuka kana kutumbuka. Mirirai kusvika chapera kutumbuka.

Mwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga

Ichi ndicho chikamu chinosarudza kana chichatanga. Mushure meizvozvo, basa rinoderera kusvika pazero.

Diridzai kunyangwe mvura yanaya. Kusvika midzi yakura, chirimwa hachizokwanisi kuwana hunyoro hunenge huri mumakwati. Munguva dzemvura, diridzai zvinyoro nyoro nepaipi mazuva maviri kana matatu ega ega.

Mira kwenguva usati waisa fetereza. Rega mavhiki mashoma apfuura mushure mekunge chirimwa chadzika midzi. Kuisa fetereza pachirimwa changobatwa, chine midzi yakakuvara, kunowanzo tsva pane kupa chikafu.

Zvadaro, isa fetereza nekupfapfaidza. Isa mushonga wakasanganiswa zvakanaka pamudzi nemakwati akakomberedza panguva yekukura. Fetereza inoburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma mubhegi remambure rakasungirirwa pamusoro pechirimwa inoshandawo - mvura inoinyungudutsa zvishoma nezvishoma.

Tarisa chisungo nguva nenguva. Chinogona kusununguruka kana mhepo yatanga kana kusimba kana chirimwa chakura. Kana sisal yatoora uye chirimwa chikaramba chakasimba, chinosungwa—hapana chikonzero chekuchigadzirisazve.

Maitiro ekudyara chirimwa chatova muhari

Vanhu vazhinji havatangi nembeu isina midzi—vanotanga nemuti watove uchikura muhari kwemakore. Maitiro ekuisa mbeu ane ruzivo rwakadzama runochinja mhedzisiro.

Bvisai pasi pevhu zvachose. Kusiya danda remakwati ekare pakati pemuti nehunde kunoita kuti pave nenzvimbo inochengetedza mvura kwenguva yakareba uye inoora. Diridzai zvakanaka nguva isati yasvika mobva mapwanya zvakanaka.

Cheka mudzi wakafa chete. Midzi mhenyu, kunyangwe yakakombama uye isina kumira zvakanaka, inofanira kuramba iripo. Ichatungamira kukura kwayo kuenda kumakwati emiti yoga.

Mirira kusvika midzi yasara isina kukura zvizere. Midzi mitsva, yakasvibira, uye inoshanda inotyoka zviri nyore. Zvakanaka, ita izvi pakutanga kwechirimo, apo kukura kuri kuburitsa zvinhu asi misoro ichiri mipfupi.

Rega gore rekuchinja. Zvirimwa zviri muhari zvine midzi yakajaira kugara iine hunyoro, uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti zvikure midzi yemudenga. Zvakajairika kuti zvisatumbuka mumwaka wekutanga mushure mekusimwa—hazvisi zvikanganiso, kuchinja.

Vakadzi vechiBrazil ndivo vanonyanya kusarudzwa.

Kana pfungwa iri yekurima muti mugadheni rako, mhando yemuti wemudunhu rako ndiyo sarudzo ine musoro - inotokura zvakanaka munzvimbo iyoyo, mumamiriro ekunze akafanana, makiromita mashoma kubva ipapo.

Cattleya intermedia ndeimwe yemiti yakasimba zvikuru uye inoita zvakanaka kana yakabatana nemiti iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil. Cattleya walkeriana neCattleya nobilior dzinokura zvakanaka munzvimbo yeCerrado, uko mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura usingadzinetse.

Epidendrum neBrassavola hazviparare mukurima kwerudzi urwu uye zvakanaka pakuedza kwekutanga. Native Oncidium inokurawo zvakanaka, ine mukana wekutumbuka pahunde refu uye rinoyevedza.

Chete chekudzivirira ndechekuti tenga kubva kumunda wevana kana mugadziri, kwete kubva kusango. Kunze kwekusagadzikana, zvirimwa zvakatorwa kubva kusango zvinochinja zvakanyanya nekuti zvinobva munzvimbo ine mamiriro ekunze chaiwo.

Miti mingani pamuti?

Zvinoita kuti ude kuzadza muti nechikafu, uye ndipo paunokanganisa.

Chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chinoda nzvimbo yekukura chakatarira mativi kwemakore. Cattleya yakasimwa zvakanaka inotora nzvimbo yakakura mumakore mashanu, uye mapoka acho anogunzva mapoka zvinoreva kukwikwidzana kwechiedza nemhepo isingamire pakati pawo.

Gwaro rinoshanda: siya nzvimbo yakasununguka yakakomberedza chirimwa chimwe nechimwe paunenge uchidyara, yakawanda kana chiri rudzi runokura nekukurumidza. Mumuti wepakati nepakati, zvirimwa zvitatu kusvika zvishanu zvakakamurwa zvakanaka zvinobereka zvinopfuura gumi zvakasungirirwa zvakasimba.

Kuaparadzira pakakwirira kwakasiyana uye kumativi akasiyana kunobatsirawo: zvinoshandisa mukana wemamiriro ekunze akasiyana emuti mumwe chete uye zvinoderedza mukana wekuti zvipembenene zvipararire kubva pamuti mumwe kuenda kune mumwe.

Kugadziriswa kwegore negore, kana kwangogadzwa

Heino mubairo: basa repagore rishoma. Ongororo imwe chete pagore, muchirimo, inofukidza zvinenge zvese.

Bvisa mashizha nemarara akaungana pakati pechirimwa nehunde. Zvinhu zvakasara zvechisikigo zvinochengeta mvura yakawandisa uye zvinova nzvimbo yekuberekera kuora.

Tarisa kana chipande chiri kubata chirimwa chiri pedyo kana kuti chakura kupfuura rutsigiro rwacho. Kana chabuda muforogo uye charembera, zvakakodzera kusungira chikamu chitsva.

Ikamura kana yakakura zvakanyanya. Chirimwa chemuti chinoita bundu rakakura, uye ndicho chiri nyore kushandisa pakucheka chimwe kana kuchitsiva.

Tangazve kuberekesa mbeu nekupfapfaidza panguva yekukura, uye rega munguva yechando — pfungwa dzakafanana nedzekurima muhari dzinoshanda pano.

Kunze kweizvozvo, mvura inonaya nemuti zvinopa mumvuri. Munhu wese anoda kutarisa mwero wechiedza netembiricha yemhando yega yega asati asarudza zvekusunga anogona kuwana mapepa eruzivo rwekurima nerudzi mumagwaro etsika eAmerican Orchid Society , ayo anonyanya kushandiswa mumunda uyu.

Njodzi chaidzo dzekurima panze.

Hozhwa nehozhwa ndizvo zvinonetsa zvikuru. Dzinodya midzi mitsva nemaruva matsva husiku, uye dzinogona kuparadza maruva ese muhusiku humwe chete. Kureba kunobatsira; kuongorora husiku netochi kunogadzirisa dambudziko padzinoonekwa.

Masvosve pachawo haadyi chirimwa ichi, asi anobereka uye anodzivirira mealybugs ne aphids kuti awane shuga. Kufamba kwemasvosve achikwira muhunde chiratidzo chekuti zvakakosha kutsvaga zvipembenene.

Mhepo nemadutu. Zvirimwa zvitsva ndizvo zvinonyanya kukuvara. Forogo yakachengetedzwa inokosha kupfuura bazi rakavhurika.

Kutonhora. Munzvimbo dzine chando, kurimwa kwekugara panze hakushandi kune mhuka dzinopisa. Pasi pe10°C zhinji dzinotambura, uye chando chinodziuraya.

Kuba. Zvakakosha kutaura nezvazvo, nekuti zvakajairika mumaguta: chirimwa chinotumbuka chakasungirirwa pamuti uri munzira yekufamba netsoka kana chinoonekwa mumugwagwa chinonyangarika. Chivanze chakakomberedzwa nefenzi inyaya yakasiyana.

Kuchekerera miti. Batana nemuchekeri nguva isati yasvika. Ndakaona kuunganidza kwese kuchinyangarika mumabasa ekuchekerera miti asina kuziviswa.

Zvimwe zvinogona kuitwa kana pasina miti yakanaka.

Kusava nemuti wakakodzera hakubvisi chikonzero chekurimwa panze. Nzira nhatu dzinoshanda zvakanaka.

Hunde yemuti yakafa yakasungirirwa muvhu kana muhari hombe. Hunde yemuti wehuni, ine makwati, inoshanda semuti wekugadzira uye inogona kuiswa panzvimbo ine chiedza chakanyanya kunaka.

Fenzi yePergola, arbor kana yemapuranga. Huni dzakaoma dzinogamuchira zvinhu zvakasungirirwa, uye chivakwa chacho chinobvumira kudzora chiedza chezuva nekushandisa mambure emumvuri.

Dengu kana tireyi inoturikwa. Inochengetedza pfungwa yekurima mudenga nerubatsiro rwekukwanisa kufambisa chirimwa zvichienderana nemwaka - uye ndiyo yega sarudzo inoshanda kune avo vane bharukoni chete.

Zvakakodzera here?

Kune mhando dzezvirimwa dzakakodzera, uye munzvimbo isina chando, ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekurima. Chirimwa ichi chinowana chiedza chaicho, mhepo inofefetera nguva dzose, kutenderera kwechisikigo kwemvura-kuoma, uye kusiyana kwekupisa pakati pemasikati nehusiku izvo mhando dzakasiyana dzinoda kuti maruva atumbuke—zvese zviri mahara, pasina michina.

Mhuka yeCattleya yakasimwa zvakanaka pamuti wemango inokura kuita chipande chikuru mumakore mashoma chete yotumbuka yoga, ichida basa shoma pane raizodiwa nemuti mumwe chete muhari mumba.

Mari yacho iri kudiwa zvishoma: mvura yakawandisa, zvipembenene zvemubindu, mhepo. Asi avo vane chivanze chemubindu uye vanogara munzvimbo isina chando vari kusiya mari patafura nekurima muhari chete.