Maoriki emuBrazil emuno uye nyaya yepamutemo yekuunganidza.

Kune chinhu chinoshamisa pakurima maorchid muBrazil: vanhu vazhinji vanobhadhara mutengo wakakwira wemaruva akasanganiswa anotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye havazivi kuti akawanda emaorchid anozivikanwa pasi rose ndeekuBrazil—mamwe anobva munharaunda yavanogara.

Ruva reCattleya orchid rinoonekwa mumifananidzo yese yekuratidzwa kweEurope yemuzana remakore rechi19 rakabva kuPernambuco. Ruva rekufananidzira reSanta Catarina iorchid inokura musango remuno riri pedyo.

Nyaya ino inotaura nezvezvinhu zviviri zvinoenderana: ndeapi maoriki makuru emuno uye kuti nei ari sarudzo yakanaka yekurima pano — uye divi repamutemo, nekuti kutenga maoriki emuno nenzira isiriyo imhosva, uye vanhu vazhinji havazvizivi izvozvo.

Brazil ndeimwe yenyika dzine huwandu hwakapfuma hwemaruva eorchid pasi rose.

Orchidaceae ndeimwe yemhuri huru dzemiti muBrazil. Huwandu chaihwo hwemhando dzemiti hunochinja zvichienderana nekuvandudzwa kwetaxonomic, uye nzvimbo yepamutemo yekutarisa iFlora neFunga yeBrazil, inochengetwa neRio de Janeiro Botanical Garden — dhatabhesi yeruzhinji yemahara kwaunogona kutarisa kana mhando yacho iri yemuno uye kuti inowanikwa munzvimbo dzipi.

Zvakakodzera kushandisa ruzivo urwu usati watenga. Kana mutengesi akati chirimwa chacho ndecherudzi rwakati, maminetsi maviri ekutsvaga achakuratidza kana rudzi irworwo ruripo zvechokwadi muBrazil uye kupi.

Nzvimbo yakanyanya kuwanda iri muAtlantic Forest , iyo panguva imwe chete iri biome yakapfuma mumaruva eorchid uye yakapararira zvakanyanya munyika. Kusanganiswa uku ndiko kuri kukonzera dambudziko rekuchengetedza.

Vanhu vanotaura mutauro uyu vangangodaro vatoziva kare.

Zvisikwa	Zvinoitika kupi?	Feature
Cattleya labiata	Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva	akatanga chido chekuda Cattleya muEurope
Cattleya purpurata	On	chiratidzo cheruva raSaint Catherine
Cattleya walkeriana	Cerrado, Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva	diki, inonhuhwirira zvikuru
Cattleya intermedia	Gungwa rekumaodzanyemba	Rustic, yakanaka kune vanotanga
Cattleya nobilior	Midwest	hama yepedyo yeWalkeriana
Cattleya coccinea	Serra do Mar	diki, dzvuku rakanyanya
Bifrenaria harrisoniae	Sango reAtlantic	ruva rine wakisi, kurimwa kwemaruwa
Zygopetalum spp.	Kuchamhembe neKumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva	pefiyumu yakasimba, ine mitsetse labellum

Zvakaonekwa zviviri nezvemazita, nekuti anogadzira kutsvaga kusina zvakunobatsira.

Cattleya purpurata inotengeswa munzvimbo dzakawanda seLaelia purpurata — chirimwa chimwe chete, zita rekare chete. Uye Cattleya coccinea yakaverengerwa seSophronitis coccinea , zita richiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya pakati pevanoda orchid.

Kana kutsvaga zita rimwe kusingabudisi mhedzisiro, edza rimwe. Haasi marudzi akasiyana; kuchinjana kwemazita emazita akasiyana.

Sei rudzi rwechivanhu rwuri mukana unoshanda, kwete kungofananidzira chete.

Pane chikonzero chaicho chekuda mhando dzeBrazil, uye hakusi kuda nyika: kutenderera kwadzo kwatoenderana nemwaka pano.

Imwe mhando yemhando yehybrid yakagadzirwa kuchamhembe kwenyika yakasarudzwa nekuda kwechiedza nekupisa kwakasiyana neyedu. Inokwanisa kuchinja, asi kazhinji inotora nguva kuti iite kuti ienderere mberi zvakanaka, uye dzimwe nguva inotumbuka nguva isiri yemwaka kana kuti isina kurongeka.

Rudzi rwemhuka dzinowanikwa munharaunda yako ruchatanga kukura kana mamiriro ekunze adziya uye ruchatumbuka panguva yarunotanga kuoneka muguta rako. Hapana chikonzero chekufananidzira.

Inowanikwa kuAtlantic Forest ine nzvimbo dzakakwirira, inokura zvakanaka mukurima kunze munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil. Inowanikwa kuCerrado, inotsungirira mwaka wemvura wakajeka, uyo unoshanda senguva yekuzorora yechisikigo. Inowanikwa kuCaatinga, inotsungirira izvo mhando zhinji dzemhuka dzisingakwanise.

Ndosaka Cattleya intermedia inorimwa mugaraji muPorto Alegre isingadi basa rakawanda pane hybrid inotorwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika panzvimbo imwe chete.

Zvinodzidziswa nebiome yega yega nezvekurima.

Kuziva kuti rudzi rwemhuka runobva kupi kunoita kuti pave nehurongwa hwekurima hwakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa. Inzira iri nani kupfuura chero tafura ipi zvayo.

Sango reAtlantic. Hunyoro hwakawanda kwenguva yakareba yegore, mvura inonaya zvakanaka, uye tembiricha inosiyana zvichienderana nekureba. Mhando dzemiti dzinobva munzvimbo iyi dzinoda hunyoro hunogara huripo uye hadzibvumiri kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu. Idzo dzinobva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira — Serra do Mar, Mantiqueira — dzinoda husiku hunotonhorera uye dzinotambura nekupisa kunogara kuripo.

Cerrado. Mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura unoratidzwa kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika munaGunyana, zuva rakasimba, musiyano mukuru pakati pemasikati nehusiku. Mhando dzeCerrado dzine nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzakasimba uye dzinoda kugara dzakaoma - kudzidiridza nenzira imwecheteyo munguva yechando ndiyo chikanganiso chinowanzoitika. Cattleya walkeriana muenzaniso wakanaka.

Amazonia. Kupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hunogara huripo, kusiyana kushoma kwekupisa. Rudzi urwu rweAmazon haruwanzodi kutonhora kuti rutumbuke, saka isarudzo yakanaka kuNorth neNortheast yeBrazil. Zvisinei, runotambura munzvimbo dzakaoma.

Caatinga. Muenzaniso wekutsungirira. Rudzi urwu runotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura nekupisa izvo vamwe vazhinji vasingakwanise, uye kazhinji runokura pamatombo. Ndidzo dziri nyore kuchengetedza dziri mhenyu uye hadzidi zvakanyanya kana tichitarisa hunyoro.

Zvinoreva izvi zviri nyore: usati watenga, bvunza kuti rudzi urwu rwunobva kupi. Izvi zvinopindura zvinodiwa pakudiridza, kuzorora, uye kutonhodza panguva imwe chete.

Ma micro-orchid, chikamu cheBrazil.

Kune chimwe chinhu chisinganyanyo zivikanwa kunze kwenharaunda inokura maorchid: ma micro-orchid, zvirimwa zvine hurefu hwemasendimita mashoma chete nemaruva makuru akaenzana.

Sango reAtlantic riri munzvimbo dzakakwirira rakapfuma zvikuru muboka iri. Marudzi akadai sePleurothallis , Stelis , Octomeria , uye nhengo diki dzeboka reCattleya coccinea dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mhute mumakomo eSerra do Mar.

Panyaya yekurima, dzine mukana uri pachena: hadzitore nzvimbo yakawanda, uye dzine zvakawanda zvinokwana pasherufu. Munhu ane imba diki anogona kuwana mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzisingagoneke neCattleya.

Dambudziko nderekuti mazhinji acho anoda hunyoro hwakawanda uye tembiricha yakadzikama nguva dzose - izvo zvinoreva kuti terrarium kana nzvimbo inodzorwa munzvimbo zhinji dzeBrazil. Hazvisi zveboka rekutanga, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti zviripo.

Maitiro ekugadzira muunganidzwa wemuno kubva pakutanga

Kana pfungwa yacho iri yekutangira pane imwe nzvimbo, kutevedzana kwacho kunobva pane kwakanyanya kushivirira kuenda kune kwakanyanya kuomesesa - uye kwete kubva pane chimwe chine ruva rakanaka kwazvo mumufananidzo.

Chekutanga: Cattleya intermedia kana kuti Epidendrum yemuno . Dzinosimba, dzinoshivirira kusiyana kwekutarisira, uye dzinobvumira zvikanganiso pasina kukanganisa chirimwa. Kana uine nzvimbo yekunze, dzinogona kutodyarwa pamuti.

Chechipiri: Cattleya walkeriana kana uri mudunhu reCerrado kana uchigona kupa zororo rakaoma munguva yechando; kana Cattleya labiata kana uri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Pano unotanga kushanda nehupenyu hwemhuka, kwete kungorarama chete.

Chechitatu: Zygopetalum kana Bifrenaria , izvo zvine zvinodiwa zvishoma asi zvichiri kukanganwira.

Zvinotevera: mhando dzemiti dziri munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye maruva madiki, ndipo panotangira kudiwa kwenzvimbo inodzorwa. Kusiya izvi pakupedzisira kunodzivirira kushushikana kwekurasikirwa nechirimwa chinodhura nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzakakodzera.

Chinhu chimwe chete chinochengetedza mari: mhando dzemhando dzemuno dzinowanikwa mukurima dzinodhura zvishoma pane zvadzinoita, nekuti vagadziri vanozviparadzira muhuwandu. Mutengo wakakwira unoonekwa muma clones akasarudzwa uye mhando dzisingawanzoonekwi — izvo chaizvo zvausingafaniri kutenga pakutanga.

Chikamu chisingakutaurirwi nemunhu wese ndechekuti: kutora zvirimwa musango imhosva.

Ruzivo urwu harupo muzvinenge zvese zviri mukurima, uye rwakakosha nekuti tsika iyi yakajairika uye inobvumirwa munharaunda.

Kuunganidza zvirimwa zvemuno muzvisikwa pasina mvumo imhosva yezvakatipoteredza. Mutemo 9.605/1998, Mutemo weMhosva dzeZvakatipoteredza , unorambidza maitiro anokuvadza zvirimwa zvemuno, kusanganisira kubvisa nekuparadzwa kwezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.

Hazvina basa kuti "chirimwa chete," kana kuti chinangwa chiri chekuchitarisira zvakanaka. Dambudziko riri pakukohwa pachakwo, uye izvi zvinoshanda kune avo vanochikohwa uye kune avo vanochitenga vachiziva kwachinobva.

MaOrchid anodzorwawo pasi pemutemo wekutengeserana kwenyika pasi peCITES — mutemo unotonga kutengeserana kwemarudzi ari munjodzi. Kuunza orchid kubva kune imwe nyika mubhegi rako usina magwaro hazvibvumirwi nemutemo, kunyangwe chirimwa chacho chakatengwa ipapo zviri pamutemo.

Sei izvi zvichikosha kupfuura mutemo?

Zvikonzero zviviri zvinoshanda zvinokanganisa murimi zvakananga.

Kukohwa ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzera njodzi. Rudzi urwu rwemaruva, rwakanaka uye rwunokosha zvikuru mukutengeserana, ndirwo rwakanyanya kutariswa, uye mapoka madiki emasango haagoni kuramba achibviswa nguva dzose. Kuwedzera pakurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzekugara, izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti rudzi urwu ruve pane urongwa hwenjodzi.

Miti yemusango inowanzova yakaoma kurima. Inowanzo shandiswa kumamiriro echiedza, hunyoro, uye mamiriro epasi pevhu chaiwo enzvimbo iyoyo chaiyo, uye kuichinja kuita hari inotyisa zvikuru—huwandu hwekurasikirwa hwakakwira.

Uyezve, zvirimwa zvakaunganidzwa zvinounza zvipembenene nemabhakitiriya zvakananga muunganidzwa wako pasina kuvharirwa. Ndakatoona mishumo yekuti zvipembenene zvese zvakatanga pamuti "wakanunurwa".

Chirimwa chemuchetura, chinokura kuburikidza nekurima, chakakura mumamiriro ezvinhu achazogara. Chinochinja-chinja zviri nani, chinotumbuka zvakanaka, uye hachidhure kupfuura zvachinoratidzika—musiyano wemutengo kana tichienzanisa nechirimwa chine mavambo asina chokwadi mudiki.

Nzira yekutenga zvigadzirwa zvemuno nenzira kwayo

Mugadziri wezvirimwa zvemuno akanyoreswa. Kugadzira zvirimwa zvemuno muzvitoro ibasa rinodzorwa, uye varimi vane mukurumbira vakanyoreswa. Kukumbira invoice ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekusiyanisa chaiyo neyokunyepedzera.

Kuratidzwa kwemiti kwakarongwa nemasangano emaruva emuno ndiko kwakanakisisa kuwana mhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzemiti yemuno. Varatidziri vacho varimi vanorima miti yacho, uye vanowanzo tsanangura kwakabva muti wacho pasina kubvunza kaviri.

Chirimwa chinoparadzirwa nembeu kana meristem. Aya ndiwo mavambo akakodzera: hachitore chinhu kubva muzvisikwa, uye kana chiri che meristem unoziva chaizvo zvauri kuwana nekuti ikopi yechirimwa chinozivikanwa.

Kuchinjana kwevarimi. Kugovaniswa kwechikamu chemuti kubva pachirimwa chakatorimwa kwakarurama uye ndiyo nzira iyo chikamu chikuru chekuunganidza chiri kukura. Cattleya yagara iripo inobereka zvirimwa zvitsva makore maviri kana matatu ega ega.

Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti chirimwa ichi chakabva musango.

Zvakakosha kuziva nzira yekuzviziva, kuti usatenge chimwe chinhu usingazive.

Chirimwa chikuru, chekare nemutengo wakaderera. Chimedu chakakura chinotora makore kuti chiumbwe mukamuri revana, uye izvozvo zvine mutengo. Mutengo uri pasi zvakanyanya pemutengo wemusika wechirimwa chikuru mureza wakakomba.

Mudzi wakachekwa zvisina kurongeka, une zvasara zvemakwati emuti zvichiripo. Chirimwa chembeu yemiti chakabviswa muhari kana plaque, midzi yacho yakajairana nenzvimbo iyoyo.

Mutengesi asingade kuziva kwakabva chirimwa ichi , kana kuti anotaura zvisina musoro kuti chirimwa ichi "chakabva kugwenzi," "chakabva kupurazi," kana kuti "chakabva muunganidzwa," haadiwi. Mhinduro inotarisirwa kubva kumugadziri izita rerudzi rwacho uye kuti chakapararira sei.

Inotengeswa parutivi pemugwagwa , isina chitupa kana risiti. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekare inounganidzwa zvirimwa.

Ko kana ukawana orchid yakadonha?

Uyu mubvunzo une musoro, uye mhinduro yacho ine zvimwe zvinhu zvidiki.

Orchid yakadonha pamwe chete nebazi mushure medutu, kana kuti iri pabazi rakatochekwa panguva yekuchekererwa kwemiti muguta, mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana neokuunganidza. Chirimwa chacho chakarambidzwa zvakadaro, uye kuchiisa pamuti uri pedyo kana kuitora kunoponesa, kwete kubvisa.

Mutsetse wekuparadzanisa uri nyore: wakatora muti wacho pawakanga uri mupenyu here, kana kuti wakautora pawakanga watorasika? Kuudzura kubva pahunde kunounganidzwa. Kuutora kubva pasi kana wadonha kunoponesa.

Muchikamu chekuchengetedza, hazvibvumirwi kunyange izvozvo — hapana chinobviswa, kunyangwe zvinhu zvakawa. Uye kana paine kusava nechokwadi nezvenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa, nzira yakanakisisa yekuita ndeyekubvunza sangano rezvakatipoteredza remunharaunda nguva isati yasvika.

Kwaungaona mhuka dzemuno muzvisikwa, usingatore chero chinhu.

Kuona orchid ichitumbuka munzvimbo yayo yechisikigo kwakasiyana nekuona iri muhari, uye inowanikwa nyore nyore - hazvireve kuti unofanira kutakura chirimwa chacho kuenda nacho kumba.

Minda yemiti. Mazhinji anochengetedza nzvimbo dzemaruva dzinozivikanwa dzemuno, inova ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzidza kudziziva: unoona chirimwa chine zita rakakodzera uye unogona kuchienzanisa nezvaunazvo kumba.

Zvivako zvekuchengetedza zvine nzira dzekufamba nadzo. Mapaki eAtlantic Forest ari munzvimbo dzakakwirira ane mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhuka, uye munguva yemaruva unogona kuona zvakawanda kubva munzira pachayo, uchitarisa mudenga. Mabinoculars anobatsira kupfuura kushandisa ruoko rwako.

Kuratidzwa kwemaruva kunorongwa nemasangano emaruva eOrchid. Kunoitika munenge matunhu ese, kazhinji kunosanganisira zvirimwa zvakazivikanwa, kutonga, uye vanhu vanoda kutsanangura zvinhu. Ndipo paunodzidza nekukurumidza, uye kwaunogona kutenga neruzivo rwakavimbiswa.

Zano rekuti ungafamba sei munzira: hazvina kukwana kungotaura kuti "usaunganidze." Uyewo dzivisa kubata kana kutsika marara emashizha ari munzira uye wokanganisa zvirimwa zvakadonha mukati mechikamu chekuchengetedza - ipapo, zvinhu zvakadonha chikamu chehupenyu hwemhuka.

Sei mamwe marudzi emhuka dzemuno akawedzerwa pane ari munjodzi yekutsakatika?

Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita maruva kunobatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei kumanikidzwa kwekuunganidza maruva kuchikosha zvikuru mumaruva eorchid, kupfuura mune mamwe mapoka emiti.

Kupararira kwakaganhurirwa kwechisikigo. Mhando zhinji dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakati wandei, mukati menzvimbo ine makomo. Mapoka madiki uye akabatana haatore zviwanikwa zvakaderera.

Kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Chirimwa chinotumbuka chinogona kutora makore akati wandei kuti chiumbwe kubva pambeu. Kubvisa chirimwa chakakura hakuna kufanana nekutora michero—kunobvisa makumi emakore ekuunganidza.

Kuvimba nechinhu chinopa goho. Chikamu chikuru chemaruva eorchid chinoenderana neboka rimwe chete remaruva anopa goho. Kana boka iroro rikanyangarika munzvimbo iyoyo, chirimwa chinogona kuramba chichirarama asi hachizobereki—huwandu hwacho hunokura pasina chinotsiva.

Kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara pamwe chete nekukohwa. Imwe neimwe iri yoga inogona kushivirira; pamwe chete, hazvigoneki. Ndokusaka mhando ine maruva anoyevedza uye kukosha kwakanyanya mukutengesa mu biome yakapwanyika ndiyo musanganiswa wakakosha zvikuru.

Zvakakosha kutarisa mamiriro ekuchengetedza kwemhando iyi usati watenga, kunyanya kana isingawanzoonekwi kana kuti inodhura zvikuru - chirimwa chisingawanzoonekwi uye chakachipa chinowanzo fananidzirwa nekwakabva kusina kujairika.

Murimi angaitei kuti achengetedze zvirimwa zvake?

Kurima pamba kunogona kuva chikamu chemhinduro, uye izvozvo hazvisi kungotaura zvisina maturo chete.

Kukura uye kugovera. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvimedu zvinotenderera pakati pevarimi chirimwa chisingadi kubva muzvisikwa. Rudzi rwakapararira mukurima haruna kumanikidzwa kukuru kwekukohwa.

Nyora kwakabva zvirimwa zvako. Kuziva kwakabva chimwe nechimwe kunowedzera kukosha muunganidzwa wako uye kunokutendera kuti uzvitengese nekwaunobva.

Ramba zvirimwa zvine mavambo asina chokwadi, uye tsanangura chikonzero. Kudiwa kwazvo ndiko kunoita kuti goho rive risingabvumirwi. Vatengesi vanowanzo bvunzwa nezvekwakabva vanochinja vatengesi.

Kurima zvirimwa zvemuno, pakupedzisira, inzira inonakidza yekurima pano: chirimwa chakajaira mamiriro ekunze, chine nhoroondo yemuno, uye icho chinokura mumba mako. Zvakasiyana nekutenga hybrid inodhura isingamboiti kuti denderedzwa racho rifambe zvakanaka.