Indlela yokubona i-orchid yakho ngaphandle kokuyidinga.

Ileyibhile ekwi-orchid oyithengileyo mhlawumbi ithi "Orchid" kwaye akukho nto imbi. Ngamanye amaxesha ithi "Butterfly Orchid," eli ligama eliqhelekileyo lePhalaenopsis, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inekhowudi eyinombolo yobhaliso lomlimi, kungekhona uphawu lwezityalo.

Le yingxaki yokwenyani, kuba phantse zonke izigqibo zokulima zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo. Ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo okugcina iPhalaenopsis iphila kuyayibolisa iCattleya. Ukukhanya okwenza intyatyambo yeVanda itshise iPaphiopedilum.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ungayibona i-genus ngaphandle kokwazi nto nge-botany, ngokujonga iimpawu ezine zesityalo—kwaye akukho nanye kuzo exhomekeke ekubeni isityalo sidubule. Esi sikhokelo sisitshixo, ngokulandelelana kwayo okususa amathuba.

Inyathelo 1: Ingaba ine-pseudobulb okanye ayinayo?

Lo ngumbuzo owahlula indalo yonke kubini, kwaye ngowona uluncedo kakhulu. Qala ngawo.

I- pseudobulb ityebile ezantsi kwesityalo, phakathi kwengcambu negqabi. Inokuba yingqukuva, ibe yi-oval, ibe tyaba, okanye ide njenge-cigar. Umsebenzi wayo kukugcina amanzi kunye nezondlo.

Ukuba isityalo sakho sinalo olu hlobo lokutyeba, sigcina amanzi —oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka some phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. I-Cattleya, i-Cymbidium, i-Oncidium, i-Dendrobium, i-Miltonia, i-Zygopetalum, kunye ne-Stanhopea zikwiqela eli.

Ukuba ayinasiseko—ukuba amagqabi ahluma ngqo kwisiseko esimxinwa ngaphandle kokuqina—ayinazo iindawo zokugcina izityalo , kwaye isiseko akufanele some ngokupheleleyo. I-Phalaenopsis, i-Vanda, i-Paphiopedilum, kunye ne-Masdevallia zikwiqela eli.

Ngale mpendulo nje, sele uyazi impazamo yokunkcenkceshela ekufuneka uyiphephe. ​​Kwaye kufanelekile: ukunkcenkceshela gwenxa koko kubulala ii-orchids ezisaqalayo, ngomgama omkhulu.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ingaba ikhula iye phezulu okanye iye emacaleni?

Eli licandelo lesibini elisisiseko, kwaye linegama lobuchwephesha elifanele ukulazi kuba livela kuyo nayiphi na into enzulu yokufunda.

I-Monopodial: isityalo sinendawo enye yokukhula phezulu kwaye sikhula siye phezulu. Amagqabi akheka ngokutshintshana, elinye kwicala ngalinye, kwaye isityalo siba side ngokuhamba kwexesha. Asiyilazi iingceba.

I-Phalaenopsis kunye ne-Vanda orchids zi-monopodial. Yingakho ukubola komqhele kuyinto embi kakhulu kuzo: ukuba indawo yokukhula kuphela iyabola, isityalo asinandawo yokuhluma kuyo.

I-Sympodial: isityalo sikhula ecaleni kwi-rhizome ethe tye, sivelise ukukhula okutsha ecaleni kweyangaphambili. Ekuhambeni kwexesha senza i-clump, yiyo loo nto inokwahlulwahlulwa.

I-Cattleya, i-Cymbidium, i-Oncidium, i-Dendrobium, kunye ne-Paphiopedilum zi-sympodial. Ukuba isityalo sakho sine "fans" ezininzi okanye ii-pseudobulbs ezininzi ecaleni, si-sympodial—kwaye sinokusasazwa.

Emva kokuwela amanyathelo amabini okuqala, intsimi sele incinci:

	Nge-pseudobulb	Ngaphandle kwe-pseudobulb
I-Monopodial	-	IPhalaenopsis, iVanda
I-Sympodial	Iinkomo, iCymbidium, iOncidium, iDendrobium, iMiltonia, iZygopetalum	IPaphiopedilum, eMasdevallia

Inyathelo lesi-3: iphepha

Ngoku ishidi liyahlula okuseleyo. Jonga izinto ezintathu: ubukhulu, imo, kunye nepateni.

Amagqabi aqinileyo, abanzi, anenyama, ajikelezileyo encamini , avela kwi-rosette esezantsi: i-Phalaenopsis. Yeyona ibonakalayo kunazo zonke.

Amagqabi aqinileyo, aqinileyo, afana neribhoni ahlelwe ngemigca ecaleni kwesiqu esithe nkqo: iVanda. Ukuba igqabi lisicaba, njengepensile, yiVanda evela kwiqela le-terete, elifuna ilanga elingakumbi.

Amagqabi amade, amxinwa, anjengesikhumba kwisiqu esixineneyo esifana nengca enkulu: iCymbidium.

Igqabi elinemibala etyheli, elinemibala etyheli, elinemibala emibini eluhlaza: igqabi elinemibala etyheli iPaphiopedilum—kwaye le patheni ikwakuxelela ukuba ithanda indawo efudumeleyo. Ukuba igqabi liluhlaza ngokulinganayo, yiPaphiopedilum ethanda imozulu epholileyo.

Amagqabi amancinci, athambileyo, arhabaxa avela ngqo kwisiseko esimxinwa esingena-pseudobulb: mhlawumbi iMasdevallia.

Igqabi eliqinileyo elivela phezulu kwi-pseudobulb ebonakala ngokucacileyo: eli liqela elikhulu lee-sympodials ezine-pseudobulbs, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo liyazahlula.

Inyathelo lesi-4: I-pseudobulb ngokweenkcukacha

Ukuba sele ufikelele apha, isityalo sine-pseudobulb — kwaye imo yaso yimpendulo.

I-pseudobulb ende, efana ne-cigar okanye i-club, enegqabi elinye okanye amabini phezulu: I-Cattleya. Igqabi elinye kwi-pseudobulb nganye libonisa iqela le-unifoliate, elineentyatyambo ezinkulu; ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu zibonisa izityalo ze-bifoliate, ezineentyatyambo ezincinci nezininzi.

I-pseudobulb ethe tyaba, emile okweqanda, efana nebhalbhu encinci eluhlaza, enamagqabi amancinci nade: i-Oncidium okanye i-Miltonia. Ezi zimbini ziyafana, kwaye intyatyambo iyazahlula: i-Oncidium ivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi ezincinci ezimthubi kwisiqu esinamasebe—yiyo loo nto igama elithi "golden shower." I-Miltonia ivelisa intyatyambo enkulu, ethe tyaba efana ne-pansy.

I-pseudobulb ekwimo yentonga ethe nkqo, enamagqabi ubude bayo kwaye ingapheleli nje phezulu: iDendrobium. Iintlobo ezininzi ziyawa amagqabi azo ebusika kwaye ziyadubula kwintonga engenanto—nto leyo eyoyikisa abo bacinga ukuba isityalo sifile.

I-pseudobulb enkulu, engqukuva kwisiqu esiqinileyo, enamagqabi amade afana nengca: iCymbidium.

I-pseudobulb encinci, eqokeleleneyo, igqabi eliqinileyo, nentyatyambo enevumba elimnandi kakhulu: isenokuba yiZygopetalum, enentyatyambo enamabala aluhlaza anamabala amdaka kunye nomlomo we-lilac onemigca ophawulekayo.

Ingcambu nayo ibalulekile.

Ingcambu luphawu lwesibini, kodwa inceda ukuqinisekisa — kwaye iluncedo xa isityalo sifika singenazo iintyatyambo kwaye sinamagqabi ambalwa.

Iingcambu ezijiyileyo nezimhlophe eziphuma embizeni zijinga emoyeni: Vanda. Ezi zezona ingcambu zijiyileyo kwiqela elidumileyo, zigqunywe sisicwili esinjengesiponji esifunxa amanzi emoyeni.

Ingcambu etyebileyo, eluhlaza encamini kwaye inombala wesilivere xa yomile, ithambekile apho ichukumisa khona umphezulu: iPhalaenopsis.

Ingcambu ephakathi, emhlophe, esingqukuva ephuma kwirhizome: I-Cattleya kunye nezinye izityalo ezihambelanayo ezine-pseudobulbs.

Inkqubo yeengcambu ebhityileyo, ephantse ibe yi-capillary, enamasebe amaninzi: iMasdevallia kunye nePaphiopedilum. Inkqubo yeengcambu ebhityileyo ichaza isizathu sokuba ezi zimbini zifuna isiseko esinobukhulu obuncinci bezinto ezincinci—igxolo elingqindilili lishiya iindawo ezinkulu kwaye inkqubo yeengcambu ayizinzi.

Ukuba idubula, intyatyambo iyaphumelela.

Ngeentyatyambo, ukuchonga kuyakhawuleza. Ezinye iimilo azinakuphikiswa.

I-labellum emile okwesikhwama okanye isihlangu: I-Paphiopedilum. Akunakwenzeka ukuyibhidanisa.

Iisepali ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo zenza unxantathu, ngokuqhelekileyo zinemisila emincinci: iMasdevallia.

Intyatyambo enkulu, umlomo obanzi nonomphetho, ivumba elinamandla: I-Cattleya.

Iintyatyambo ezininzi ezincinci ezimthubi kwisiqu esinamasebe: i-Oncidium.

Intyatyambo ethe tyaba, engqukuva, efana ne-pansy: Miltonia.

Isiqu esigobileyo esineentyatyambo ezininzi ezingqukuva, ezithe tyaba, ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki: iPhalaenopsis.

Umthombo wesiqu sentyatyambo ukwachaza nomthombo.

Olu luphawu oluphantse lungakhankanywa mntu, kwaye luthembekile kakhulu kuba indawo yokukhupha i-emission kwisiqu iyinto eqhelekileyo kwiqela ngalinye.

Ukusuka embindini wamagqabi, ecaleni kwesiqu: iPhalaenopsis. Isiqu sivela phakathi kwesiseko samagqabi amabini kunye neengcango eziphuma ngaphandle.

Ukusuka ngaphakathi kwesigqubuthelo phezulu kwe-pseudobulb entsha: I-Cattleya. Isigqubuthelo sisakhiwo esiluhlaza esithe tyaba esakheka ngaphambili, kwaye isiqu siphuma ngaphakathi kuso.

Ukusuka ezantsi kwesiqu, ecaleni kwesiseko: iCymbidium. Iziqu zikhula ngokuthe nkqo nangokude, ukusuka kwinqanaba lembiza.

Ukusuka ecaleni kwe-pseudobulb ethe tyaba, kwisiqu eside, esinamasebe: i-Oncidium.

Ngakwisiqu esithe nkqo, kwiindawo ezinamaqhuqhuva, rhoqo isiqu esingenamagqabi: iDendrobium.

Omnye umzekelo omangalisayo obalulekileyo kukuba: i- Brazilian Cattleya walkeriana ivelisa isiqu sayo seentyatyambo kwisiseko serhizome, kungekhona phezulu kwe-pseudobulb njengezinye iintlobo zeCattleya. Abo balinda isiqu siphume phezulu bacinga ukuba isityalo asiyi kudubula.

Iingcamango ezintathu eziqheleke kakhulu

I-Oncidium, iMiltonia, kunye ne-Odontoglossum. Zonke ezi zintathu zizityalo ze-sympodial ezine-pseudobulbs ezithe tyaba kunye namagqabi amancinci, kwaye azinazo iintyatyambo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuzibona nokuba zizityalo ezinamava.

Indlela esebenzayo yokugqiba ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba idubule kukujonga iimfuno zobushushu: I-Odontoglossum kunye neMiltonia zivela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye zifuna indawo epholileyo, ngelixa i-Oncidium inyamezela ubushushu obungaphezulu. Xa ungaqinisekanga, yiphathe njenge-Oncidium ukuba uhlala kwindawo eshushu—ukwenza iimpazamo kwicala elinokunyamezela ngakumbi kukhuselekile.

I-Dendrobium engenamagqabi ifumaneka njengesityalo esifileyo. Iintlobo ezininzi zolu hlobo ziyawa: zilahlekelwa ngamagqabi azo onke ebusika, zishiya isiqu esingenanto, sibonakale sifile. Kukwesi siqu apho intyatyambo iya kudubula khona entwasahlobo.

Uvavanyo lulula: isebe eliphilayo liqinile kwaye alishwabani; isebe elifileyo liba mdaka, lome, kwaye liqhekeke. Ukuba liqinile, musa ukulilahla okanye ukulisika—nciphisa ukunkcenkceshela uze ulinde.

UKeiki udla ngokubhidaniswa nokukhula okuqhelekileyo. Igama elithi "Keiki" ligama elinikwa isityalo esikhula kwisiqu sentyatyambo okanye isiqu sesityalo esingumama, esixhaphakileyo kwiPhalaenopsis kunye neDendrobium.

Sisityalo esitsha, esifana nesityalo esingumama ngokwemfuza, kwaye sinokwahlulwa xa sineengcambu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezimalunga neesentimitha ezintlanu. Ukusihlula kwangethuba kakhulu, ngaphandle kokwakheka kweengcambu, kudla ngokubulala isithombo.

Kutheni ukuchongwa kutshintsha imbiza kunye ne-substrate?

Ukuchonga uhlobo lwesityalo akuyonto nje yokufuna ukwazi ngokwemfundo—kutshintsha isigqibo esisebenzayo esibiza imali nezityalo.

Ubungakanani bembiza. Izityalo ze-sympodial zikhula ecaleni, ngoko ke zifuna indawo kwicala lokukhula kwe-rhizome: isityalo sikhula ecaleni kwaye i-rhizome ijonge embindini, ishiya imijikelo emibini okanye emithathu yokuyekelela. Izityalo ze-monopodial zikhula ziye phezulu kwaye azidingi le side slack—imbiza eqinileyo iya kufaneleka.

Ubungakanani be-substrate buxhomekeke kubukhulu beengcambu. I-Vanda kunye ne-Phalaenopsis zineengcambu ezixineneyo ezifuna ixolo eliphakathi ukuya kwelikhulu. I-Masdevallia kunye ne-Paphiopedilum zineengcambu ezibhityileyo ezifuna i-substrate encinci; kungenjalo, kuya kubakho izithuba ezingenanto phakathi kweengqimba zexolo, nto leyo ethintela iingcambu ukuba zingamili.

Ukuphindaphindwa kokugalelwa kwakhona kwetyuwa. Iigenera ezingayinyamezeliyo ityuwa eqokelelweyo, njengeMasdevallia, zifuna ukugalelwa kwakhona ngonyaka. ICattleya kunye neCymbidium zinokunyamezela iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu.

Ingahlulwahlulwa. Zizityalo ezisebenzisanayo kuphela ezenza amaqoqo aqhekekayo. Ukuzama "ukwahlula" iPhalaenopsis okanye iVanda akunangqondo — kuzo, ukuphindaphinda kuvela kwi-keiki okanye ekusikeni okuphezulu ngenkqubo yayo yeengcambu.

Oko ilebheli ingakuxeleli kona

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amagama eenkampani athetha ukuthini, kuba oku kuthintela ukuphanda kwi-intanethi okubangela iingxaki.

Uninzi lwee-orchids ezithengiswa kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwiivenkile zeentyatyambo zii-hybrids , azizo iintlobo ezicocekileyo. Igama elifana nePhalaenopsis "Big Lip" alilo uhlobo—lukhetho lwentengiso. Ukukhangela uhlobo oluthile lwesityalo olunelo gama akuyi kuvelisa ziphumo; okubalulekileyo kukulima uhlobo lonke.

Amagama ano- × embindini, okanye anegama elifanelekileyo kwiingcaphuno ezizodwa, abonisa i-hybrid ebhalisiweyo. Kwaye i-hybrid genera ikhona: I-Brassolaeliocattleya, umzekelo, ludibaniso phakathi kwe-genera yeqela le-Cattleya, kwaye ifumana unyango kwi-Cattleya.

Omnye umthombo wokudideka kukutshintsha amagama e-taxonomic . Izityalo ezininzi ezithengiswa njengeLaelia purpurata namhlanje zihlelwa njengeCattleya purpurata —isityalo esifanayo, amagama amabini asebenzayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukukhangela igama elinye akuvelisi ziphumo, zama elinye.

I-app ye-ID yeFoto: sebenzisa ngononophelo.

Ii-apps ezichonga izityalo ngefoto zisebenza kakuhle kwinqanaba le-genus kwaye azisebenzi kakuhle kwinqanaba le-species - kwaye ii-orchids zezona meko zimbi kakhulu kuzo, kuba usapho lunamashumi amawaka eentlobo zezityalo ezifana.

Ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kukuqinisekisa, kungekhona impendulo. Ukuba i-app ithi "Phalaenopsis" kwaye isityalo sisodwa, asinama-pseudobulbs, sinamagqabi aqinileyo, angqukuva, kulungile—ezi zinto zimbini ziyavumelana.

Ukuba i-app inika igama lohlobo oluthile ngokuqiniseka okupheleleyo, yiba noloyiko. Amagama ohlobo afuna iinkcukacha zeentyatyambo ezingafane zithathwe kwifoto yeselfowuni.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuthelekisa idatha yezityalo — iKew's Plants of the World Online isimahla kwaye igubungela amagama amkelekileyo. Kwintlobo zaseBrazil, iFlora e Funga do Brasil ibonisa ukuba ivela phi. Iqela labathandi be-orchid elinefoto entle yentyatyambo evulekileyo nalo lisebenza kakuhle kwaye lidla ngokukhawuleza.

Indlela yokuthatha ifoto ukuze ucele isazisi

Ukucela uncedo kumaqela athanda ii-orchid kusebenza kakuhle, kodwa umgangatho wempendulo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwifoto. Umntu ophendulayo kufuneka abone ukuba uchonga ntoni, kwaye uninzi lwezicelo ziyasilela kuba zibonisa intyatyambo ikude kuphela.

Iifoto ezine zinokusombulula phantse nayiphi na ingxaki:

Isityalo sonke , ukusuka ngaphambili, sibonisa umkhwa waso wokukhula — nokuba sinyuka kwisiqu esinye okanye sisasazeka kwisiqu. Le foto ichaza ukuba si-monopodial okanye si-sympodial.

Umbono osondeleyo wesiseko sesityalo , obonisa ukuba kukho i-pseudobulb na kunye nokuba imilo yayo injani.

Intyatyambo iboniswa ngaphambili , inokukhanya okuhle, ngaphandle kokukhanya, okugcwalisa ifreyimu. Ukukhanya kuyawunciphisa umbala kwaye kugqwethe ubume, obuziinkcukacha ezichazayo.

Intyatyambo ekwiprofayili. Le yeyona ingaqhelekanga kwii-odolo kwaye yenye yezona ziluncedo kakhulu: iprofayili ibonisa imilo ye-labellum kunye nokuba khona kwe-spur okanye umsila kwi-sepals.

Faka kwinkcazo yendawo okuyo kunye nokuba isityalo sigcinwa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle na. Oku kususa iintlobo ezingahambelaniyo nemozulu yakho kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu ukuqagela ukuba ngubani na ophendulayo.

Kwaye yongeza into ethile kwifoto ukuze ilingane ukuba isityalo sincinci—ingqekembe okanye umnwe wakho. Ii-micro-orchids kunye nee-orchids ezinkulu zinokuba neentyatyambo ezifanayo kwiifoto ngaphandle kwereferensi yobukhulu.

Kuthekani ukuba awukwazi ukuyibona?

Kuyenzeka, kwaye akuyongxaki. Kukho indlela yokunyamekela "ekhuselekileyo" esebenza kwisityalo esingaziwayo ngelixa usibukele, kwaye isekelwe ngqo kwinyathelo loku-1.

Ukuba ine-pseudobulb: ukukhanya okukhanyayo okungangqalanga, yivumele yome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela, yifake isichumiso esibuthathaka rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini ngexesha lonyaka elifudumeleyo. Olu hlobo alulungele naluphi na uhlobo oluthile, kodwa aluyi kubulala naluphi na uhlobo.

Ukuba ayinayo i-pseudobulb: nika ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo, gcina i-substrate ifumile kancinci ngaphandle kokuyifunxa, yinkcenkceshele kusasa, kwaye ungaze ushiye amanzi esiqwini.

Emva koko linda ukudubula. Xa intyatyambo ivuleka, ukuchongwa kwayo kuba lula, uze ulungise ukhathalelo ukuze luhambelane noko lukufunayo ngokwenene olo hlobo lwesityalo. Ixesha lonyaka kwisimo esikhuselekileyo alisonakalisi isityalo—liye libazise kancinci ukwenziwa ngcono kwaso.

Isishwankathelo esibalulekileyo

Ngokulandelelana, kwaye ngaphandle kokufuna intyatyambo: ingaba inayo i-pseudobulb? Oko kumisela ishedyuli yokunkcenkceshela. Ingaba ikhula iye phezulu okanye ecaleni? Oko kumisela ukuba inokwahlulwahlulwa na kwaye iphi ingozi. Injani igqabi? Oko kunciphisa inani lezityalo ezikhula kuhlobo. Injani i-pseudobulb? Oko kunciphisa inani lezityalo ezikhula kuhlobo.

Imibuzo emine inokunceda ekuchongeni phantse nayiphi na i-orchid ethengwe eBrazil. Kwaye ukuphendula le mibuzo yiyo eguqula ukhathalelo oluqhelekileyo lube lukhathalelo olufanelekileyo—kuba ii-orchid azinamthetho mnye, zinemithetho ethile kuhlobo lwazo.