Vanda: maluwa a orchid omwe ali ndi mizu yotseguka omwe amafunikira madzi ndi kuwala kochulukirapo.

Vanda ndi maluwa a orchid omwe amakula ali olendewera, ndi mizu yake yopanda kanthu yomwe imawululidwa mlengalenga, popanda mphika kapena substrate iliyonse. Kwa iwo omwe adabwera ku maluwa a orchid kudzera mu Phalaenopsis, zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi chilichonse—koma ndi mtundu wofanana kwambiri m'gululi: ndi omwe amafuna kuwala kwambiri, madzi ambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mizu yomwe imawululidwa ndi yomwe imapangitsa izi kukhala zotheka.

Orchid yotchuka kwambiri kuposa zonse, yomwe imafunika kuwala kwambiri.

Malangizo a American Orchid Society okhudza kukula kwa zomera akusonyeza kuti dzuwa lonse limakhala ndi mphamvu ya 50 % mpaka 100%, kapena kuti limaposa ma lumens 53.750 (makandulo opitirira 5.000) . Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro: izi ndi zowirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa zomera zomwe zimafunika pa Cattleya (makandulo opitirira 2.000-3.500) komanso pafupifupi kasanu kuchuluka kwa zomera zomwe zimafunika pa Phalaenopsis (makandulo opitirira 1.000-2.000).

Izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa a Vanda orchid asapezeke m'nyumba zambiri. Ndi chomera cha makonde osaphimbidwa, mipanda ya kumbuyo, madenga, kapena nyumba zobiriwira—osati cha m'nyumba. Tsamba lazidziwitso la chomeracho limanena kuti m'madera omwe ali pansi pa 37th parallel, mthunzi wa 25% mpaka 35% ungakhale wofunikira, zomwe zimachitika kumadera ambiri a Brazil nthawi yachilimwe: dzuwa lonse tsiku lonse limatha kuwotcha pano.

Kutentha: ndi wopirira kwambiri pagulu.

Mitengo ya 41°C imeneyi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa maluwa a orchid omwe amalimidwa kwambiri, ndipo ndicho chimene chimapangitsa Vanda kukhala chisankho choyenera cha nyengo yotentha. Ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi Cymbidium, yomwe imakana kuphuka ngati itapitirira 23,8°C nthawi iliyonse. Anthu omwe amakhala m'mizinda yotentha ndipo nthawi zonse amavutika ndi kutentha ali ndi mtundu womwe umagwira ntchito bwino pa nyengo m'malo molimbana nayo.

Thirirani madzi tsiku lililonse, ndi zomwezo.

Malangizo omwe ali pa chizindikirocho ndi osavuta: mu greenhouse, thirirani madzi tsiku lililonse , kaya chomeracho chili mumphika, m'dengu, kapena pamalo oimikapo. Izi sizili zochulukirapo kapena zofewa—ndi mizu yopanda kanthu, madzi okhawo omwe alipo ndi omwe amatsala mu mizu yofewa mutathirira, ndipo izi zimachepa mkati mwa maola angapo.

Ichi ndi chofunikira chomwe chimachotsa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wa mbewuyi. Vanda salekerera anthu omwe amapita kumapeto kwa sabata. Anthu omwe amayenda pafupipafupi ndipo alibe munthu wothirira mbewu zawo ndi bwino kusankha mtundu wokhala ndi babu la pseudobulb, monga Cattleya, lomwe limasunga madzi kwa milungu ingapo.

Momwe mungadziwire nthawi yoyenera: mizu ya Vanda yomwe yanyowa imasanduka yobiriwira; ikauma, imakhala ngati imvi. Ikakhala ngati siliva, nthawi yakwana. Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda - malangizo akuchenjeza kuti kutentha pansi pa 10°C kungawononge chomera.

Kulima popanda nthaka, ndi tsatanetsatane wa mchere wa Epsom.

Maluwa a Vanda orchids akhoza kulimidwa popanda nthaka , kupachikidwa mu dengu lokhala ndi mabowo, kapena kuikidwa. Ngati atayikidwa mumphika, malangizowo ndi apakatikati mpaka okhwima - ndipo malangizowo ndi omveka bwino: sphagnum moss sikofunikira . Sphagnum moss imasunga madzi kwa nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi mizu ya maluwa a Vanda orchids ndipo imawapangitsa kuti avunde.

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichinatchulidwe kwambiri chomwe chiyenera kudziwika: kwa zomera zopanda mizu, AOS imalimbikitsa kusamba nthawi zina mu yankho la mchere wa Epsom, kamodzi pamwezi . Mchere wa Epsom ndi magnesium sulfate, ndipo mfundo ndi yakuti iwo omwe amalima popanda substrate alibe michere yokwanira m'malo osungiramo zinthu—chinthu chilichonse chiyenera kudzazidwanso ndi madzi. Ndi mtundu wa tsatanetsatane womwe umawonekera kokha mu ulimi wopanda substrate ndipo sumveka bwino mumphika wamba.

Feteleza pang'ono mpaka theka la mlingo woyenera, nthawi zonse panthawi yomwe ikukula, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokwanira ya 20-20-20. Chepetsani kapena siyani feteleza m'nyengo yozizira. Njira yokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri ndi yosankha nthawi ya masika kuti ipangitse maluwa kuphuka.

Mitundu itatu ya masamba, ndi chifukwa chake izi zimasinthira kufunikira kwa dzuwa.

Mkati mwa mtundu wa zomera muli mawonekedwe atatu a masamba, ndipo si tsatanetsatane wongokongola chabe - zimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe chomeracho chingapirire.

Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ozungulira , zotchedwa teretes, zimafuna dzuwa lochuluka: ndi zomera zochokera m'malo otseguka, zimakula motalika, ndipo sizoyenera kulimidwa m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Zomera zathyathyathya, zokhala ndi masamba a riboni , zotchedwa tsamba la strap, ndizofala kwambiri pamsika ndipo zimalekerera mthunzi pang'ono. Semi-teretes ndi zomera zosakanikirana pakati pa magulu awiriwa ndipo zimagwera pakati, m'mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira.

Ngati muli ndi khonde lomwe lili ndi dzuwa lochepa m'malo mwa dzuwa lonse, tsamba la lamba lili ndi mwayi weniweni ndipo terete mwina silidzaphuka. Ndicho chinthu choyamba chomwe ndingayang'ane ndisanagule.

Chosiyana chomwe chimalekerera nyengo yofatsa.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa Vanda coerulea , chifukwa imasiyana ndi mtundu wa maluwa wamba. Ndi mtundu wa maluwa abuluu-lilac, ochokera kumapiri okwera ku Southeast Asia, motero amalekerera kutentha kozizira kuposa Vandas wamba wa m'madera otentha.

Ndiwo maziko a majini a mitundu yambiri ya buluu yomwe ikupezeka pamsika—ndipo mitundu iyi ya buluu imalandira kulekerera kumeneku. Kwa iwo omwe amakhala m'madera ozizira kwambiri ndipo akufuna kulima maluwa a Vanda orchid, iyi ndi njira yoyenera kuifufuza, m'malo mongofuna mitundu ya zomera zotentha zokha.

Mizu ya mlengalenga: musadule, musaikwirire

Maluwa a Vanda orchid amapanga mizu yayitali yomwe imamera mbali zonse, ndipo chiyeso chowakonza bwino ndi chabwino. Zinthu ziwiri zomwe simuyenera kuchita: kudula mizu yathanzi, chifukwa ndi komwe mphamvu yonse ya chomera yoyamwa madzi ndi michere imakhazikika; ndipo yesani kuyika mizu yamlengalenga mumphika wokhala ndi makungwa, chifukwa mizu yomwe yapangidwa mlengalenga imakhala ndi kapangidwe kosiyana ndipo imawola ikasungidwa pamalo ozizira.

Muzu wouma, wopanda dzenje womwe ndi wofooka komanso wopanda utoto wobiriwira mkati mwake ukhoza kuchotsedwa. Funso limathetsedwa pothirira: muzu wamoyo umasintha kukhala wobiriwira, muzu wakufa umakhalabe beige.

Momwe mungathirire bwino chomera popanda mphika

"Kuthirira" maluwa a Vanda osamera mizu sikofanana ndi kuthirira chomera choikidwa m'mphika, ndipo pamenepo anthu ambiri amalakwitsa pochita zochepa kwambiri.

Kupopera sikungagwire ntchito. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndikunyowetsa mizu mpaka itasintha mtundu — kuchoka pa imvi yasiliva kupita ku yobiriwira — ndipo zimenezo zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimaonekera. Ndi chitini chothirira, izi zikutanthauza kuthira madzi mobwerezabwereza pa muzu kwa mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri, osati mwachangu. Anthu ambiri amakonda kumiza chomera chonse mu chidebe kwa mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi akhale ofanana.

Mfundo yofunika kuganizira mukanyowetsa chomera ndi madzi omwe amasonkhana pakati pa masamba pambuyo pake. Maluwa a Vanda orchid ali ndi masamba okonzedwa m'mizere, ndipo madzi osasunthika m'mizere ya masamba awa m'malo opanda mpweya wabwino amawola malo okulirapo. Mukanyowetsa, pindani chomeracho kuti madziwo atuluke.

Pa masiku otentha kwambiri komanso ouma, kuthirira kawiri—m'mawa ndi madzulo—sikokwanira. Ndi mtundu wokhawo wotchuka komwe izi zingaganizidwe ngati njira yachizolowezi.

Kutsika kwa masamba pansi pa chomera ndi kwabwinobwino, mpaka kufika pamlingo winawake.

Maluwa a Vanda orchid amakula molunjika, kupanga tsinde limodzi lomwe limakula mmwamba, ndipo mwachibadwa limataya masamba awo apansi pakapita nthawi. Kutaya tsamba loyambira nthawi zina, lomwe lakhala lachikasu kale, ndikwachibadwa.

Chomwe sichili chachilendo ndi kutaya masamba angapo motsatizana, kapena kutaya masamba omwe akadali obiriwira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza zinthu ziwiri: kusowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse - muzu sukuthiriridwa mokwanira, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri popopera m'malo monyowa - kapena kuwola mu tsinde, komwe kumawoneka ngati malo amdima komanso ofewa.

Pakapita nthawi, chomeracho chimakhala chachitali komanso chosakongola, ndi tsinde lopanda kanthu pansi pake. Njira yovomerezeka ndikudula gawo lapamwamba lomwe lili ndi mizu yake ya mlengalenga ndikubzalanso ngati mbande yatsopano—maziko otsala nthawi zambiri amameranso. Ndi bwino kuchita izi nthawi yobzala, osati pamene chomeracho chayamba kuphuka.

Kwa iwo amene amamvetsa bwino Vanda?

Maluwa a orchid awa ndi abwino kwambiri pazochitika zinazake: khonde kapena bwalo lakumbuyo lomwe lili ndi dzuwa lamphamvu, nyengo yotentha, komanso munthu amene ali panyumba kuti awathirire tsiku lililonse. Pankhaniyi, ndi amodzi mwa maluwa ambiri omwe alipo, okhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, mitundu yowala, komanso maluwa obwerezabwereza.

Kupatula apo, palibe malo apakati. Kuwala kosakwanira kumalepheretsa kuti iphuke maluwa, ndipo kuthirira kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti iume msanga chifukwa ilibe malo osungira. Sindingakulangizeni pa nyumba yopanda khonde, kapena kwa munthu amene amayenda kwambiri—si nkhani ya luso, ndi nkhani ya kusagwirizana kwachizolowezi.