Maitiro ekuziva orchid yako usingade ruva.

Chiratidzo chiri paorchid yawatenga chingangove chakanzi "Orchid" kwete chimwe chinhu. Dzimwe nguva chinoti "Butterfly Orchid," rinova zita rinowanzo shandiswa paPhalaenopsis, uye dzimwe nguva chine kodhi iri nhamba yekunyoresa yemurimi, kwete chiratidzo chemiti.

Iri idambudziko guru, nekuti sarudzo yega yega yekurima inoenderana nerudzi rwemuti. Kudiridza kumwe chete kunoita kuti Phalaenopsis irambe iri mhenyu kunoodza Cattleya. Chiedza chinoita kuti Vanda ibude chinopisa Paphiopedilum.

Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti unogona kuziva rudzi rwemuti usingazive nezve botany, nekutarisa hunhu huna hwemuti—uye hapana kana chimwe chazvo chinoenderana nekuti muti wacho uri kutumbuka. Gwaro iri ndiro kiyi, nenzira yaro inobvisa mikana yacho.

Danho 1: Ine pseudobulb here kana kuti kwete?

Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo unopatsanura nyika nepakati, uye ndiwo unonyanya kubatsira. Tanga nawo.

Babu repseudo iguruva riri pasi pemuti, pakati pemudzi neshizha. Rinogona kuita denderedzwa, denderedzwa, rakatsetseka, kana kurebeswa sefodya. Basa raro nderekuchengetedza mvura nezvinovaka muviri.

Kana chirimwa chako chiine gobvu rakadai, chinochengeta mvura —uye izvi zvinoreva kuti chinofanira kuoma pakati pekudiridza. Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Zygopetalum, naStanhopea zviri muboka iri.

Kana isina hwaro—kana mashizha akamera zvakananga kubva pahwaro hwakamanikana pasina kukora—haina nzvimbo yakachengetwa , uye pasi pevhu harifanirwe kuoma zvachose. Phalaenopsis, Vanda, Paphiopedilum, naMasdevallia vari muboka iri.

Nemhinduro iyi chete, watoziva chikanganiso chekudiridza chaunofanira kudzivisa. Uye zvakakosha: kudiridza zvisirizvo ndiko kunouraya maorchids anotanga kumera, nepamusana pemvura.

Danho rechipiri: Inokura mudenga here kana kuti padivi?

Iri ndiro divi rechipiri guru, uye rine zita rehunyanzvi rakakodzera kuzivikanwa nekuti rinoonekwa mune chero zvinyorwa zvekudzidza zvakakomba.

Chirimwa chimwe chete: chirimwa chine nzvimbo imwe chete yekumera pamusoro uye chinokura mudenga. Mashizha anoumbwa achichinjana, rimwe riri kudivi rimwe nerimwe, uye chirimwa chinokura nekufamba kwenguva. Hachiumbi mapundu.

Phalaenopsis neVanda orchids dzine miti imwe chete. Ndosaka kuora kwekorona kwakanyanya mazviri: kana nzvimbo yekumera chete ikaora, chirimwa hachina pekunomera.

Sympodial: chirimwa chinokura chakatarira divi pa rhizome yakatambanuka, zvichibereka kukura kutsva pamwe chete neyakare. Nekufamba kwenguva chinoumba chimedu, ndosaka chichigona kukamurwa.

Cattleya, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, nePaphiopedilum dzine tsinga dzemuviri. Kana chirimwa chako chiine "mafeni" akawanda kana ma pseudobulbs akawanda padivi nepadivi, chine tsinga dzemuviri—uye chinogona kukura.

Mushure mekuyambuka matanho maviri ekutanga, munda wacho watove mudiki:

	Ne pseudobulb	Pasina pseudobulb
Monopodial	-	Phalaenopsis, Vanda
Sympodial	Mhuka dzemombe, Cymbidium, Oncidium, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Zygopetalum	Paphiopedilum, Masdevallia

Danho rechitatu: pepa

Zvino pepa rinopatsanura zvasara. Tarisa zvinhu zvitatu: ukobvu, chimiro, uye patani.

Mashizha akakora, akafara, ane nyama, akatenderera kumucheto , achibuda muruvara rwakaderera: Phalaenopsis. Ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kupfuura mamwe ese.

Mashizha akakora, akaomarara, akaita seribhoni akarongwa mumitsara padzinde rakamira: Vanda. Kana shizha rakaita sedenderedzwa, sepenzura, iVanda inobva muboka reterete, iro rinoda zuva rakawanda.

Mashizha marefu, matete, akaita sedehwe ari muchikamu chakasimba chakafanana nehuswa hukuru: Cymbidium.

Shizha rine macheki, rine machena rakaita ruvara rwegirini: shizha rine machena rePaphiopedilum—uye patani iyi inokuudzawo kuti rinoda nzvimbo inodziya. Kana shizha racho rakafanana negirini, iPaphiopedilum inoda mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera.

Mashizha matete, akapfava, asina kusimba anobuda zvakananga kubva pachigadziko chakamanikana chisina girazi repseudobulb: pamwe Masdevallia.

Shizha rakaoma rinobuda pamusoro peguruva re pseudobulb rinoonekwa zvakajeka: iri ndiro boka guru rema sympodials ane ma pseudobulbs, uye danho rinotevera rinoaparadzanisa.

Danho rechina: Pseudobulb zvakadzama

Kana wasvika pano, chirimwa chacho chine bulb yemhando yepamusoro - uye chimiro chayo ndicho mhinduro.

Babu remhando yepseudobulb rakareba, rakaita sefodya kana kuti sekirabhu, rine mashizha rimwe kana maviri pamusoro: Cattleya. Shizha rimwe chete pababu remhando yepseudobulb rinoratidza boka remhando yeunifoliate, rine maruva makuru; maviri kana anopfuura anoratidza zvirimwa zviviri, zvine maruva madiki uye akawanda.

Maruva emhando yepseudobulb akati sandara, akaita segirobhu diki regirini rakapfava, rine mashizha matete, marefu: Oncidium kana Miltonia. Maruva maviri aya akafanana, uye ruva rinoasiyanisa: Oncidium inobereka maruva madiki akawanda eyero padzinde rine matavi—ndosaka ichitumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "golden shower." Miltonia inobereka ruva guru, rakati sandara rakafanana nepansy.

Babubhu rakaita sedanda rakamira, rine mashizha pakureba kwaro kwete pamusoro chete: Dendrobium. Mhando dzakawanda dzinorasikirwa nemashizha adzo munguva yechando uye dzinotumbuka padanda risina chinhu—izvo zvinotyisa avo vanofunga kuti chirimwa chacho chafa.

Babu guru rakatenderera rakaita serimwe divi, rine mashizha marefu akaita seuswa: Cymbidium.

Duva diki, rine maburi madiki, mashizha akaomarara, uye ruva rinonhuhwirira zvikuru: rinogona kunge riri Zygopetalum, rine ruva rine maburi matema ane mavara matema uye muromo une mitsetse yakawanda.

Mudzi wacho unokoshawo.

Mudzi chiratidzo chechipiri, asi unobatsira kusimbisa - uye unobatsira kana chirimwa chikasvika chisina maruva uye chine mashizha mashoma.

Midzi yakakora kwazvo, chena inobuda muhari uye yakarembera mudenga: Vanda. Iyi ndiyo midzi yakakora zvikuru muboka revanhu vanozivikanwa, yakafukidzwa nenyama yakaita sesponji inonwisa mvura kubva mumhepo.

Mudzi wakakora, wegirini pamucheto uye wakaita sesirivha kana waoma, wakaita sewakaita sewabata pamusoro: Phalaenopsis.

Mudzi wepakati nepakati, muchena, wakatenderera unobuda kubva mu rhizome: Cattleya nedzimwe zvirimwa zve sympodial zvine ma pseudobulbs.

Midzi yakatetepa, inenge capillary, ine matavi akawanda: Masdevallia nePaphiopedilum. Midzi yakatetepa inotsanangura kuti nei izvi zviviri zvichida substrate ine zvidimbu zvidiki—makwati akakora anosiya maburi makuru uye midzi haigadzike pachayo.

Kana iri kutumbuka, ruva rinobuda.

Nemaruva, kuzivikanwa kwawo kunokurumidza. Mamwe maumbirwo haakanganisike.

Chinyorwa chakaita sehomwe kana shangu: Paphiopedilum. Hazvibviri kuvhiringa.

Mapango matatu akasanganiswa anoumba denderedzwa, kazhinji ane miswe mitete: Masdevallia.

Ruva guru, muromo wakafara uye une mipendero, kunhuhwirira kwakasimba: Cattleya.

Maruva mazhinji madiki eyero padzinde rine matavi: Oncidium.

Ruva rakati sandara, rakatenderera, rakafanana nepani: Miltonia.

Hunde ine maruva akati wandei akatenderera, akati sandara, machena kana mapingi: Phalaenopsis.

Kwakabva hunde yeruva kunoratidzawo kwakabva.

Ichi chiratidzo chisingataurwi nemunhu wese, uye chakavimbika zvikuru nekuti poindi yekubuda kwemvura padzinde ndiyo inozivikanwa neboka rega rega.

Kubva pakati pemashizha, kudivi rehunde: Phalaenopsis. Hunde inobuda pakati pepasi pemashizha maviri nematavi ekunze.

Kubva mukati memupanda uri pamusoro pegurubhu idzva: Cattleya. Mupanda wacho chimiro chegirini chakati sandara chinoumbwa pakutanga, uye hunde inobuda mukati mawo.

Kubva pasi pechimedu, pedyo nepasi pevhu: Cymbidium. Madzinde anokura akatwasuka uye akareba, kubva padanho rehari.

Kubva kudivi re pseudobulb yakatsetseka, pahunde refu, ine matavi: Oncidium.

Padivi pehunde yakamira, pamapfundo, kazhinji hunde yacho isina mashizha: Dendrobium.

Imwe nyaya inoshamisa inokosha kucherechedzwa: imbwa yeBrazilian Cattleya walkeriana inobereka dzinde rayo remaruva kubva pasi perhizome, kwete kubva pamusoro pegwenzi semamwe marudzi eCattleya. Avo vanomirira dzinde kuti ribude kubva pamusoro vanofunga kuti chirimwa hachizotungi.

Pfungwa nhatu dzinowanzo taurwa zvisirizvo

Oncidium, Miltonia, uye Odontoglossum. Zvose zvitatu zvinomera zve sympodial zvine ma pseudobulbs akatsetseka uye mashizha matete, uye zvisina maruva, zvichiita kuti zviome kusiyanisa kunyangwe kune zvirimwa zvine ruzivo.

Nzira inoshanda yekusarudza nzira yekutarisira usati watumbuka ndeyekutarisa zvinodiwa pakupisa: Odontoglossum neMiltonia zvinobva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira uye zvinoda nzvimbo inotonhorera, nepo Oncidium ichitsungirira kupisa kwakawanda. Kana usina chokwadi, itore seOncidium kana uchigara munzvimbo inopisa—kukanganisa kuri nyore ndiko kwakachengeteka.

Dendrobium isina mashizha inowanikwa semuti wakafa. Mhando dzakawanda dzerudzi urwu dzinobvisa mashizha: dzinorasikirwa nemashizha adzo ese munguva yechando, dzichisiya dzinde risina chinhu, dzichiita sedzafa. Ndiko padzinde iri apo ruva rinotumbuka muchirimo.

Muedzo wacho uri nyore: bazi riri mhenyu rakasimba uye haritsvedze; bazi rakafa rinova negomba, rakaoma, uye rinotyoka. Kana rakasimba, usarirase kana kuricheka—ingoderedza kudiridza womirira.

Keiki inowanzo fungidzirwa kuti inokura zvakanaka. "Keiki" izita rinopiwa muti unokura padzinde reruva kana kuti padzinde remuti waamai, unowanikwa muPhalaenopsis neDendrobium.

Chirimwa chitsva, chakafanana nechirimwa chaamai, uye chinogona kupatsanurwa kana chiine midzi miviri kana mitatu ine masendimita angangoita mashanu. Kuchipatsanura nekukurumidza, pasina kuumbwa kwemidzi, kunowanzouraya mhodzi.

Sei kuzivikanwa kuchichinja poto ne substrate?

Kuziva rudzi rwemhuka hakusi kungoda kuziva nezvedzidzo chete—kunochinja sarudzo inoshanda inodya mari nezvirimwa.

Kukura kwehari. Miti yemhando dzakasiyana inokura nepadivi, saka inoda nzvimbo iri pedyo nekukura kwemidzi: mhodzi inokura iri kumucheto uye miziyamu inonongedzera pakati, zvichisiya mitsetse miviri kana mitatu ichiderera. Miti yemhando imwe chete inokura ichienda kumusoro uye haidi mitsetse iyi yemativi - hari yakasimba inokwana.

Hukuru hwechikamu chevhu hunoenderana nekukora kwemidzi. Vanda nePhalaenopsis dzine midzi yakakora inoda bark repakati nepakati kusvika rakakora. Masdevallia nePaphiopedilum dzine midzi yakatetepa inoda substrate yakatetepa; zvikasadaro, pachava nenzvimbo dzisina chinhu pakati pemakwati, zvichidzivirira midzi kuti isazviumbe.

Kuwanda kwekudzvanya munyu. Marudzi asingakwanise kushivirira munyu wakawanda, akadai seMasdevallia, anoda kudzvanya munyu wegore negore. Cattleya neCymbidium zvinogona kugara kwemakore maviri kusvika matatu.

Inogona kupatsanurwa. Miti yemhando dzakasiyana chete ndiyo inoumba mapoka anopatsanurwa. Kuedza "kupatsanura" Phalaenopsis kana Vanda hazvina musoro - mazviri, kuwanda kunobva kukeiki kana kubva pakucheka pamusoro nemidzi yayo.

Izvo zvisingakutaurirwe nechinyorwa

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nemazita ebhizinesi, nekuti izvi zvinodzivirira kutsvaga paindaneti kunonetsa.

Mazhinji maorchid anotengeswa muzvitoro zvikuru nezvitoro zvemaruva imhando yehybrid , kwete mhando chaiyo. Zita rakaita sePhalaenopsis "Big Lip" harisi rudzi—isarudzo yekutengeserana. Kutsvaga rudzi rwemhando iyoyo hakuzobudisi mhedzisiro; chinonyanya kukosha kurima rudzi rwacho rwose.

Mazita ane × pakati, kana nezita chairo mumashoko akataurwa, anoratidza rudzi rwakanyoreswa rwemhando yehybrid. Uye rudzi rwehybrid ruripo: Brassolaeliocattleya, semuenzaniso, iboka remhando yeCattleya, uye inotarisirwa neCattleya.

Chimwe chinhu chinovhiringidza kupatsanurwa kwemazita emhando iyi . Miti yakawanda inotengeswa seLaelia purpurata nhasi inoiswa muchikamu cheCattleya purpurata — chirimwa chimwe chete, mazita maviri anoshanda panguva dzakasiyana. Kana kutsvaga zita rimwe chete kusingabudise mhedzisiro, edza rimwe racho.

App yePhoto ID: shandisa nekungwarira.

Mapurogiramu anoona zvirimwa nemufananidzo anoshanda zvakanaka padanho rerudzi uye asina kunaka padanho rerudzi - uye maorchid ndiwo mamiriro akaipisisa kwavari, nekuti mhuri iyi ine makumi ezviuru emarudzi akafanana.

Kushandisa zvine musoro kunosimbisa, kwete semhinduro. Kana app ikati "Phalaenopsis" uye chirimwa chacho chiri chega, chisina ma pseudobulbs, chine mashizha akakora, akatenderera, zvakanaka—zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinobvumirana.

Kana app ikapa zita remhando chaiyo nechivimbo chakazara, usava nechokwadi. Mazita emhando anoda ruzivo rwemaruva rusingawanzo torwa nemufananidzo wefoni.

Kuti usimbise zvakasimba, nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekuenzanisa uchishandisa data rezvirimwa — Kew's Plants of the World Online haina muripo uye inovhara mazita anogamuchirwa. Kune mhando dzeBrazil, Flora neFunga dzeBrazil dzinoratidza kuti dzinowanikwa kupi. Boka revanhu vanofarira orchid vane mufananidzo wakanaka weruva rakavhurika rinoshandawo zvakanaka uye rinowanzo kurumidza.

Maitiro ekutora mufananidzo kuti ukumbire chitupa

Kukumbira rubatsiro mumapoka anofarira orchid kunoshanda zvakanaka, asi mhando yemhinduro inoenderana nemufananidzo chete. Munhu anopindura anofanira kuona zvaanoziva, uye zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvinokundikana nekuti zvinongoratidza ruva riri kure.

Mifananidzo mina inogona kugadzirisa chero dambudziko:

Chirimwa chose , kubva kumberi, chinoratidza tsika yacho yekukura — chingave chichikwira padzinde rimwe chete kana kuti chichipararira muchikamu. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza kuti chiri chega kana kuti chesympodial.

Kuona zviri pedyo pasi pemuti , zvichiratidza kana paine bulb remhando yepamusoro uye kuti rakaita sei.

Ruva rinoratidzwa kubva kumberi , rine chiedza chakanaka, risina chiedza, richizadza furemu. Chiedza chinotsvedzerera ruvara uye chinokanganisa magadzirirwo, izvo chaizvo zvinonyatsoratidza ruzivo.

Ruva riri muchimiro cheruvara. Iri ndiro rinowanzo shaikwa muzvirongwa uye rimwe reanonyanya kubatsira: chimiro cheruvara rwe ...

Isa mutsananguro yenzvimbo yako uye kana chirimwa chacho chichichengetwa mumba kana kunze. Izvi zvinobvisa mhando dzisingawirirane nemamiriro ekunze ako uye zvinoderedza fungidziro yekuti ndiani ari kupindura.

Uye wedzera chimwe chinhu pamufananidzo kana chirimwa chiri chidiki—mari yesimbi kana munwe wako. Ma micro-orchids nema hombe orchids anogona kuva nemaruva akafanana mumifananidzo asina kuratidzwa saizi.

Ko kana usingakwanise kuiona?

Zvinoitika, uye hazvisi dambudziko. Pane nzira yekuchengetedza yakachengeteka inoshanda kune chirimwa chisingazivikanwi paunenge uchichitarisa, uye yakavakirwa padanho rekutanga.

Kana iine pseudobulb: chiedza chakajeka chisina kunanga, rega iome pakati pekudiridza, isa fetereza muhuwandu husina simba mavhiki maviri ega ega munguva yekupisa. Iyi nzira haina kunaka kune chero rudzi rwakati, asi haizouraye chero rumwe.

Kana isina pseudobulb: isa chiedza chisina kunanga, chengetedza substrate yakanyorova zvishoma usinganyike, diridzai mvura mangwanani, uye musambosiya mvura pamusoro.

Wobva wamirira kutumbuka. Kana ruva ravhurika, kuziva kunova nyore, wobva wagadzirisa kutarisirwa kwacho kuti kuenderane nezvinodiwa nerudzi irworwo. Mwaka uri muhurongwa hwakachengeteka haukuvadzi chirimwa—zvinongononotsa kugadziriswa kwacho zvishoma.

Pfupiso huru

Zvichienderana, uye pasina kuda ruva: rine pseudobulb here? Izvi zvinosarudza nguva yekudiridza. Rinokura kumusoro here kana kuti kurutivi? Izvi zvinosarudza kana richigona kupatsanurwa uye kuti njodzi yacho iri papi. Shizha rakaita sei? Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwaro. Pseudobulb rakaita sei? Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwaro.

Mibvunzo mina inogona kubatsira kuziva chero orchid inotengwa muBrazil. Uye kupindura mibvunzo iyi ndiko kunoshandura kutarisirwa kwakajairika kuita kutarisirwa kwakakodzera—nekuti orchid hadzina mutemo mumwe chete, dzine mitemo yakanangana nerudzi rwadzo.